Merge branch 'veristat-memory-accounting-for-bpf-programs'

Eduard Zingerman says:

====================
veristat: memory accounting for bpf programs

When working on the verifier, it is sometimes interesting to know how a
particular change affects memory consumption. This patch-set modifies
veristat to provide such information. As a collateral, kernel needs an
update to make allocations reachable from BPF program load accountable
in memcg statistics.

Here is a sample output:

  Program          Peak states  Peak memory (MiB)
  ---------------  -----------  -----------------
  lavd_select_cpu         2153                 43
  lavd_enqueue            1982                 41
  lavd_dispatch           3480                 28

Technically, this is implemented by creating and entering a new cgroup
at the start of veristat execution. The difference between values from
cgroup "memory.peak" file before and after bpf_object__load() is used
as a metric.

To minimize measurements jitter data is collected in megabytes.

Changelog:
v2: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250612130835.2478649-1-eddyz87@gmail.com/
v2 -> v3:
- bpf_verifier_state->jmp_history and
  bpf_verifier_env->explored_states allocations are switched from
  GFP_USER to GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT (Andrii, Alexei);
- veristat.c:STR macro removed, PATH_MAX-1 == 4095 is hard-coded in
  scanf format strings (Andrii);
- env->{orig,stat}_cgroup size changed to PATH_MAX (Andrii);
- snprintf_trunc() is removed, flag -Wno-format-truncation
  is added to CFLAGS for veristat.o when compiled with gcc;

v1: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250605230609.1444980-1-eddyz87@gmail.com/
v1 -> v2:
- a single cgroup, created at the beginning of execution, is now used
  for measurements (Andrii, Mykyta);
- cgroup namespace is not created, as it turned out to be useless
  (Andrii);
- veristat no longer mounts cgroup fs or changes subtree_control,
  instead it looks for an existing mount point and reports an error if
  memory.peak file can't be opened (Andrii, Alexei);
- if 'mem_peak' statistics is not enabled, veristat skips cgroup
  setup;
- code sharing with cgroup_helpers.c was considered but was decided
  against to simplify veristat github sync.
====================

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250613072147.3938139-1-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>

4 files changed, 289 insertions, 48 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/bpf/btf.c b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
index 1d2cf898e21e..682acb1ed234 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/btf.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
@@ -3443,7 +3443,8 @@ btf_find_graph_root(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type *pt,
 	node_field_name = strstr(value_type, ":");
 	if (!node_field_name)
 		return -EINVAL;
-	value_type = kstrndup(value_type, node_field_name - value_type, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
+	value_type = kstrndup(value_type, node_field_name - value_type,
+			      GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT | __GFP_NOWARN);
 	if (!value_type)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	id = btf_find_by_name_kind(btf, value_type, BTF_KIND_STRUCT);
@@ -3958,7 +3959,7 @@ struct btf_record *btf_parse_fields(const struct btf *btf, const struct btf_type
 	/* This needs to be kzalloc to zero out padding and unused fields, see
 	 * comment in btf_record_equal.
 	 */
-	rec = kzalloc(struct_size(rec, fields, cnt), GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
+	rec = kzalloc(struct_size(rec, fields, cnt), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT | __GFP_NOWARN);
 	if (!rec)
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
@@ -9019,7 +9020,7 @@ static struct bpf_cand_cache *populate_cand_cache(struct bpf_cand_cache *cands,
 		bpf_free_cands_from_cache(*cc);
 		*cc = NULL;
 	}
-	new_cands = kmemdup(cands, sizeof_cands(cands->cnt), GFP_KERNEL);
+	new_cands = kmemdup(cands, sizeof_cands(cands->cnt), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!new_cands) {
 		bpf_free_cands(cands);
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
@@ -9027,7 +9028,7 @@ static struct bpf_cand_cache *populate_cand_cache(struct bpf_cand_cache *cands,
 	/* strdup the name, since it will stay in cache.
 	 * the cands->name points to strings in prog's BTF and the prog can be unloaded.
 	 */
-	new_cands->name = kmemdup_nul(cands->name, cands->name_len, GFP_KERNEL);
+	new_cands->name = kmemdup_nul(cands->name, cands->name_len, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	bpf_free_cands(cands);
 	if (!new_cands->name) {
 		kfree(new_cands);
@@ -9111,7 +9112,7 @@ bpf_core_add_cands(struct bpf_cand_cache *cands, const struct btf *targ_btf,
 			continue;
 
 		/* most of the time there is only one candidate for a given kind+name pair */
-		new_cands = kmalloc(sizeof_cands(cands->cnt + 1), GFP_KERNEL);
+		new_cands = kmalloc(sizeof_cands(cands->cnt + 1), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 		if (!new_cands) {
 			bpf_free_cands(cands);
 			return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
@@ -9228,7 +9229,7 @@ int bpf_core_apply(struct bpf_core_ctx *ctx, const struct bpf_core_relo *relo,
 	/* ~4k of temp memory necessary to convert LLVM spec like "0:1:0:5"
 	 * into arrays of btf_ids of struct fields and array indices.
 	 */
-	specs = kcalloc(3, sizeof(*specs), GFP_KERNEL);
+	specs = kcalloc(3, sizeof(*specs), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!specs)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -9253,7 +9254,7 @@ int bpf_core_apply(struct bpf_core_ctx *ctx, const struct bpf_core_relo *relo,
 			goto out;
 		}
 		if (cc->cnt) {
-			cands.cands = kcalloc(cc->cnt, sizeof(*cands.cands), GFP_KERNEL);
+			cands.cands = kcalloc(cc->cnt, sizeof(*cands.cands), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 			if (!cands.cands) {
 				err = -ENOMEM;
 				goto out;
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index c378074516cf..fd81cff11617 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@ static void *realloc_array(void *arr, size_t old_n, size_t new_n, size_t size)
 		goto out;
 
 	alloc_size = kmalloc_size_roundup(size_mul(new_n, size));
-	new_arr = krealloc(arr, alloc_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	new_arr = krealloc(arr, alloc_size, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!new_arr) {
 		kfree(arr);
 		return NULL;
@@ -1421,7 +1421,7 @@ out:
 static int copy_reference_state(struct bpf_verifier_state *dst, const struct bpf_verifier_state *src)
 {
 	dst->refs = copy_array(dst->refs, src->refs, src->acquired_refs,
-			       sizeof(struct bpf_reference_state), GFP_KERNEL);
+			       sizeof(struct bpf_reference_state), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!dst->refs)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -1440,7 +1440,7 @@ static int copy_stack_state(struct bpf_func_state *dst, const struct bpf_func_st
 	size_t n = src->allocated_stack / BPF_REG_SIZE;
 
 	dst->stack = copy_array(dst->stack, src->stack, n, sizeof(struct bpf_stack_state),
-				GFP_KERNEL);
+				GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!dst->stack)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -1731,7 +1731,7 @@ static int copy_verifier_state(struct bpf_verifier_state *dst_state,
 
 	dst_state->jmp_history = copy_array(dst_state->jmp_history, src->jmp_history,
 					  src->jmp_history_cnt, sizeof(*dst_state->jmp_history),
-					  GFP_USER);
+					  GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!dst_state->jmp_history)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	dst_state->jmp_history_cnt = src->jmp_history_cnt;
@@ -1760,7 +1760,7 @@ static int copy_verifier_state(struct bpf_verifier_state *dst_state,
 	for (i = 0; i <= src->curframe; i++) {
 		dst = dst_state->frame[i];
 		if (!dst) {
-			dst = kzalloc(sizeof(*dst), GFP_KERNEL);
+			dst = kzalloc(sizeof(*dst), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 			if (!dst)
 				return -ENOMEM;
 			dst_state->frame[i] = dst;
@@ -1874,7 +1874,7 @@ static struct bpf_scc_visit *scc_visit_alloc(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	info = env->scc_info[scc];
 	num_visits = info ? info->num_visits : 0;
 	new_sz = sizeof(*info) + sizeof(struct bpf_scc_visit) * (num_visits + 1);
-	info = kvrealloc(env->scc_info[scc], new_sz, GFP_KERNEL);
+	info = kvrealloc(env->scc_info[scc], new_sz, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!info)
 		return NULL;
 	env->scc_info[scc] = info;
@@ -2095,7 +2095,7 @@ static struct bpf_verifier_state *push_stack(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	struct bpf_verifier_stack_elem *elem;
 	int err;
 
-	elem = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_stack_elem), GFP_KERNEL);
+	elem = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_stack_elem), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!elem)
 		goto err;
 
@@ -2862,7 +2862,7 @@ static struct bpf_verifier_state *push_async_cb(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	struct bpf_verifier_stack_elem *elem;
 	struct bpf_func_state *frame;
 
-	elem = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_stack_elem), GFP_KERNEL);
+	elem = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_stack_elem), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!elem)
 		goto err;
 
@@ -2885,7 +2885,7 @@ static struct bpf_verifier_state *push_async_cb(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	 */
 	elem->st.branches = 1;
 	elem->st.in_sleepable = is_sleepable;
-	frame = kzalloc(sizeof(*frame), GFP_KERNEL);
+	frame = kzalloc(sizeof(*frame), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!frame)
 		goto err;
 	init_func_state(env, frame,
@@ -3237,7 +3237,7 @@ static int add_kfunc_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 func_id, s16 offset)
 			return -EINVAL;
 		}
 
-		tab = kzalloc(sizeof(*tab), GFP_KERNEL);
+		tab = kzalloc(sizeof(*tab), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 		if (!tab)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		prog_aux->kfunc_tab = tab;
@@ -3253,7 +3253,7 @@ static int add_kfunc_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 func_id, s16 offset)
 		return 0;
 
 	if (!btf_tab && offset) {
-		btf_tab = kzalloc(sizeof(*btf_tab), GFP_KERNEL);
+		btf_tab = kzalloc(sizeof(*btf_tab), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 		if (!btf_tab)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		prog_aux->kfunc_btf_tab = btf_tab;
@@ -3939,7 +3939,7 @@ static int push_jmp_history(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_verifier_st
 
 	cnt++;
 	alloc_size = kmalloc_size_roundup(size_mul(cnt, sizeof(*p)));
-	p = krealloc(cur->jmp_history, alloc_size, GFP_USER);
+	p = krealloc(cur->jmp_history, alloc_size, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!p)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	cur->jmp_history = p;
@@ -10356,7 +10356,7 @@ static int setup_func_entry(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog, int calls
 	}
 
 	caller = state->frame[state->curframe];
-	callee = kzalloc(sizeof(*callee), GFP_KERNEL);
+	callee = kzalloc(sizeof(*callee), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!callee)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	state->frame[state->curframe + 1] = callee;
@@ -17693,17 +17693,18 @@ static int check_cfg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 	int *insn_stack, *insn_state, *insn_postorder;
 	int ex_insn_beg, i, ret = 0;
 
-	insn_state = env->cfg.insn_state = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL);
+	insn_state = env->cfg.insn_state = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!insn_state)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	insn_stack = env->cfg.insn_stack = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL);
+	insn_stack = env->cfg.insn_stack = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!insn_stack) {
 		kvfree(insn_state);
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
-	insn_postorder = env->cfg.insn_postorder = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL);
+	insn_postorder = env->cfg.insn_postorder =
+		kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!insn_postorder) {
 		kvfree(insn_state);
 		kvfree(insn_stack);
@@ -17837,7 +17838,7 @@ static int check_btf_func_early(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	urecord = make_bpfptr(attr->func_info, uattr.is_kernel);
 	min_size = min_t(u32, krec_size, urec_size);
 
-	krecord = kvcalloc(nfuncs, krec_size, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
+	krecord = kvcalloc(nfuncs, krec_size, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT | __GFP_NOWARN);
 	if (!krecord)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -17937,7 +17938,7 @@ static int check_btf_func(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	urecord = make_bpfptr(attr->func_info, uattr.is_kernel);
 
 	krecord = prog->aux->func_info;
-	info_aux = kcalloc(nfuncs, sizeof(*info_aux), GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
+	info_aux = kcalloc(nfuncs, sizeof(*info_aux), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT | __GFP_NOWARN);
 	if (!info_aux)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -18023,7 +18024,7 @@ static int check_btf_line(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	 * pass in a smaller bpf_line_info object.
 	 */
 	linfo = kvcalloc(nr_linfo, sizeof(struct bpf_line_info),
-			 GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
+			 GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT | __GFP_NOWARN);
 	if (!linfo)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -19408,7 +19409,7 @@ hit:
 			if (loop) {
 				struct bpf_scc_backedge *backedge;
 
-				backedge = kzalloc(sizeof(*backedge), GFP_KERNEL);
+				backedge = kzalloc(sizeof(*backedge), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 				if (!backedge)
 					return -ENOMEM;
 				err = copy_verifier_state(&backedge->state, cur);
@@ -19472,7 +19473,7 @@ miss:
 	 * When looping the sl->state.branches will be > 0 and this state
 	 * will not be considered for equivalence until branches == 0.
 	 */
-	new_sl = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_state_list), GFP_KERNEL);
+	new_sl = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_state_list), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!new_sl)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	env->total_states++;
@@ -22976,13 +22977,13 @@ static int do_check_common(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog)
 	env->prev_linfo = NULL;
 	env->pass_cnt++;
 
-	state = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_state), GFP_KERNEL);
+	state = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_state), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!state)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	state->curframe = 0;
 	state->speculative = false;
 	state->branches = 1;
-	state->frame[0] = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_func_state), GFP_KERNEL);
+	state->frame[0] = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_func_state), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!state->frame[0]) {
 		kfree(state);
 		return -ENOMEM;
@@ -23208,7 +23209,7 @@ static void print_verification_stats(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 int bpf_prog_ctx_arg_info_init(struct bpf_prog *prog,
 			       const struct bpf_ctx_arg_aux *info, u32 cnt)
 {
-	prog->aux->ctx_arg_info = kmemdup_array(info, cnt, sizeof(*info), GFP_KERNEL);
+	prog->aux->ctx_arg_info = kmemdup_array(info, cnt, sizeof(*info), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	prog->aux->ctx_arg_info_size = cnt;
 
 	return prog->aux->ctx_arg_info ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
@@ -24152,7 +24153,7 @@ static int compute_live_registers(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 	 * - repeat the computation while {in,out} fields changes for
 	 *   any instruction.
 	 */
-	state = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(*state), GFP_KERNEL);
+	state = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(*state), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!state) {
 		err = -ENOMEM;
 		goto out;
@@ -24244,10 +24245,10 @@ static int compute_scc(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 	 * - 'low[t] == n' => smallest preorder number of the vertex reachable from 't' is 'n';
 	 * - 'dfs' DFS traversal stack, used to emulate explicit recursion.
 	 */
-	stack = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL);
-	pre = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL);
-	low = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL);
-	dfs = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(*dfs), GFP_KERNEL);
+	stack = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
+	pre = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
+	low = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(int), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
+	dfs = kvcalloc(insn_cnt, sizeof(*dfs), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!stack || !pre || !low || !dfs) {
 		err = -ENOMEM;
 		goto exit;
@@ -24381,7 +24382,7 @@ dfs_continue:
 			dfs_sz--;
 		}
 	}
-	env->scc_info = kvcalloc(next_scc_id, sizeof(*env->scc_info), GFP_KERNEL);
+	env->scc_info = kvcalloc(next_scc_id, sizeof(*env->scc_info), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!env->scc_info) {
 		err = -ENOMEM;
 		goto exit;
@@ -24409,7 +24410,7 @@ int bpf_check(struct bpf_prog **prog, union bpf_attr *attr, bpfptr_t uattr, __u3
 	/* 'struct bpf_verifier_env' can be global, but since it's not small,
 	 * allocate/free it every time bpf_check() is called
 	 */
-	env = kvzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_env), GFP_KERNEL);
+	env = kvzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_env), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	if (!env)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -24472,7 +24473,7 @@ int bpf_check(struct bpf_prog **prog, union bpf_attr *attr, bpfptr_t uattr, __u3
 
 	env->explored_states = kvcalloc(state_htab_size(env),
 				       sizeof(struct list_head),
-				       GFP_USER);
+				       GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 	ret = -ENOMEM;
 	if (!env->explored_states)
 		goto skip_full_check;
@@ -24603,7 +24604,7 @@ skip_full_check:
 		/* if program passed verifier, update used_maps in bpf_prog_info */
 		env->prog->aux->used_maps = kmalloc_array(env->used_map_cnt,
 							  sizeof(env->used_maps[0]),
-							  GFP_KERNEL);
+							  GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 
 		if (!env->prog->aux->used_maps) {
 			ret = -ENOMEM;
@@ -24618,7 +24619,7 @@ skip_full_check:
 		/* if program passed verifier, update used_btfs in bpf_prog_aux */
 		env->prog->aux->used_btfs = kmalloc_array(env->used_btf_cnt,
 							  sizeof(env->used_btfs[0]),
-							  GFP_KERNEL);
+							  GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 		if (!env->prog->aux->used_btfs) {
 			ret = -ENOMEM;
 			goto err_release_maps;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile
index cf5ed3bee573..97013c49920b 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile
@@ -841,6 +841,11 @@ $(OUTPUT)/bench: $(OUTPUT)/bench.o \
 	$(call msg,BINARY,,$@)
 	$(Q)$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(filter %.a %.o,$^) $(LDLIBS) -o $@
 
+# This works around GCC warning about snprintf truncating strings like:
+#
+#   char a[PATH_MAX], b[PATH_MAX];
+#   snprintf(a, "%s/foo", b);      // triggers -Wformat-truncation
+$(OUTPUT)/veristat.o: CFLAGS += -Wno-format-truncation
 $(OUTPUT)/veristat.o: $(BPFOBJ)
 $(OUTPUT)/veristat: $(OUTPUT)/veristat.o
 	$(call msg,BINARY,,$@)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.c
index 70cdabd88c50..56771650ee8c 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.c
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ enum stat_id {
 	STACK,
 	PROG_TYPE,
 	ATTACH_TYPE,
+	MEMORY_PEAK,
 
 	FILE_NAME,
 	PROG_NAME,
@@ -208,6 +209,9 @@ static struct env {
 	int top_src_lines;
 	struct var_preset *presets;
 	int npresets;
+	char orig_cgroup[PATH_MAX];
+	char stat_cgroup[PATH_MAX];
+	int memory_peak_fd;
 } env;
 
 static int libbpf_print_fn(enum libbpf_print_level level, const char *format, va_list args)
@@ -219,6 +223,22 @@ static int libbpf_print_fn(enum libbpf_print_level level, const char *format, va
 	return vfprintf(stderr, format, args);
 }
 
+#define log_errno(fmt, ...) log_errno_aux(__FILE__, __LINE__, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+__printf(3, 4)
+static int log_errno_aux(const char *file, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int err = -errno;
+	va_list ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: ", file, line);
+	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
+	fprintf(stderr, " failed with error '%s'.\n", strerror(errno));
+	va_end(ap);
+	return err;
+}
+
 #ifndef VERISTAT_VERSION
 #define VERISTAT_VERSION "<kernel>"
 #endif
@@ -734,13 +754,13 @@ cleanup:
 }
 
 static const struct stat_specs default_csv_output_spec = {
-	.spec_cnt = 14,
+	.spec_cnt = 15,
 	.ids = {
 		FILE_NAME, PROG_NAME, VERDICT, DURATION,
 		TOTAL_INSNS, TOTAL_STATES, PEAK_STATES,
 		MAX_STATES_PER_INSN, MARK_READ_MAX_LEN,
 		SIZE, JITED_SIZE, PROG_TYPE, ATTACH_TYPE,
-		STACK,
+		STACK, MEMORY_PEAK,
 	},
 };
 
@@ -781,6 +801,7 @@ static struct stat_def {
 	[STACK] = {"Stack depth", {"stack_depth", "stack"}, },
 	[PROG_TYPE] = { "Program type", {"prog_type"}, },
 	[ATTACH_TYPE] = { "Attach type", {"attach_type", }, },
+	[MEMORY_PEAK] = { "Peak memory (MiB)", {"mem_peak", }, },
 };
 
 static bool parse_stat_id_var(const char *name, size_t len, int *id,
@@ -1279,16 +1300,214 @@ static int max_verifier_log_size(void)
 	return log_size;
 }
 
+static bool output_stat_enabled(int id)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < env.output_spec.spec_cnt; i++)
+		if (env.output_spec.ids[i] == id)
+			return true;
+	return false;
+}
+
+__printf(2, 3)
+static int write_one_line(const char *file, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int err, saved_errno;
+	va_list ap;
+	FILE *f;
+
+	f = fopen(file, "w");
+	if (!f)
+		return -1;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	errno = 0;
+	err = vfprintf(f, fmt, ap);
+	saved_errno = errno;
+	va_end(ap);
+	fclose(f);
+	errno = saved_errno;
+	return err < 0 ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+__scanf(3, 4)
+static int scanf_one_line(const char *file, int fields_expected, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int res = 0, saved_errno = 0;
+	char *line = NULL;
+	size_t line_len;
+	va_list ap;
+	FILE *f;
+
+	f = fopen(file, "r");
+	if (!f)
+		return -1;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	while (getline(&line, &line_len, f) > 0) {
+		res = vsscanf(line, fmt, ap);
+		if (res == fields_expected)
+			goto out;
+	}
+	if (ferror(f)) {
+		saved_errno = errno;
+		res = -1;
+	}
+
+out:
+	va_end(ap);
+	free(line);
+	fclose(f);
+	errno = saved_errno;
+	return res;
+}
+
+static void destroy_stat_cgroup(void)
+{
+	char buf[PATH_MAX];
+	int err;
+
+	close(env.memory_peak_fd);
+
+	if (env.orig_cgroup[0]) {
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/cgroup.procs", env.orig_cgroup);
+		err = write_one_line(buf, "%d\n", getpid());
+		if (err < 0)
+			log_errno("moving self to original cgroup %s\n", env.orig_cgroup);
+	}
+
+	if (env.stat_cgroup[0]) {
+		err = rmdir(env.stat_cgroup);
+		if (err < 0)
+			log_errno("deletion of cgroup %s", env.stat_cgroup);
+	}
+
+	env.memory_peak_fd = -1;
+	env.orig_cgroup[0] = 0;
+	env.stat_cgroup[0] = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Creates a cgroup at /sys/fs/cgroup/veristat-accounting-<pid>,
+ * moves current process to this cgroup.
+ */
+static void create_stat_cgroup(void)
+{
+	char cgroup_fs_mount[4096];
+	char buf[4096];
+	int err;
+
+	env.memory_peak_fd = -1;
+
+	if (!output_stat_enabled(MEMORY_PEAK))
+		return;
+
+	err = scanf_one_line("/proc/self/mounts", 2, "%*s %4095s cgroup2 %s",
+			     cgroup_fs_mount, buf);
+	if (err != 2) {
+		if (err < 0)
+			log_errno("reading /proc/self/mounts");
+		else if (!env.quiet)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Can't find cgroupfs v2 mount point.\n");
+		goto err_out;
+	}
+
+	/* cgroup-v2.rst promises the line "0::<group>" for cgroups v2 */
+	err = scanf_one_line("/proc/self/cgroup", 1, "0::%4095s", buf);
+	if (err != 1) {
+		if (err < 0)
+			log_errno("reading /proc/self/cgroup");
+		else if (!env.quiet)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Can't infer veristat process cgroup.");
+		goto err_out;
+	}
+
+	snprintf(env.orig_cgroup, sizeof(env.orig_cgroup), "%s/%s", cgroup_fs_mount, buf);
+
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/veristat-accounting-%d", cgroup_fs_mount, getpid());
+	err = mkdir(buf, 0777);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		log_errno("creation of cgroup %s", buf);
+		goto err_out;
+	}
+	strcpy(env.stat_cgroup, buf);
+
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/cgroup.procs", env.stat_cgroup);
+	err = write_one_line(buf, "%d\n", getpid());
+	if (err < 0) {
+		log_errno("entering cgroup %s", buf);
+		goto err_out;
+	}
+
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/memory.peak", env.stat_cgroup);
+	env.memory_peak_fd = open(buf, O_RDWR | O_APPEND);
+	if (env.memory_peak_fd < 0) {
+		log_errno("opening %s", buf);
+		goto err_out;
+	}
+
+	return;
+
+err_out:
+	if (!env.quiet)
+		fprintf(stderr, "Memory usage metric unavailable.\n");
+	destroy_stat_cgroup();
+}
+
+/* Current value of /sys/fs/cgroup/veristat-accounting-<pid>/memory.peak */
+static long cgroup_memory_peak(void)
+{
+	long err, memory_peak;
+	char buf[32];
+
+	if (env.memory_peak_fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	err = pread(env.memory_peak_fd, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, 0);
+	if (err <= 0) {
+		log_errno("pread(%s/memory.peak)", env.stat_cgroup);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	buf[err] = 0;
+	errno = 0;
+	memory_peak = strtoll(buf, NULL, 10);
+	if (errno) {
+		log_errno("%s/memory.peak:strtoll(%s)", env.stat_cgroup, buf);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return memory_peak;
+}
+
+static int reset_stat_cgroup(void)
+{
+	char buf[] = "r\n";
+	int err;
+
+	if (env.memory_peak_fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	err = pwrite(env.memory_peak_fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
+	if (err <= 0) {
+		log_errno("pwrite(%s/memory.peak)", env.stat_cgroup);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int process_prog(const char *filename, struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_program *prog)
 {
 	const char *base_filename = basename(strdupa(filename));
 	const char *prog_name = bpf_program__name(prog);
+	long mem_peak_a, mem_peak_b, mem_peak = -1;
 	char *buf;
 	int buf_sz, log_level;
 	struct verif_stats *stats;
 	struct bpf_prog_info info;
 	__u32 info_len = sizeof(info);
-	int err = 0;
+	int err = 0, cgroup_err;
 	void *tmp;
 	int fd;
 
@@ -1333,7 +1552,15 @@ static int process_prog(const char *filename, struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf
 	if (env.force_reg_invariants)
 		bpf_program__set_flags(prog, bpf_program__flags(prog) | BPF_F_TEST_REG_INVARIANTS);
 
-	err = bpf_object__load(obj);
+	err = bpf_object__prepare(obj);
+	if (!err) {
+		cgroup_err = reset_stat_cgroup();
+		mem_peak_a = cgroup_memory_peak();
+		err = bpf_object__load(obj);
+		mem_peak_b = cgroup_memory_peak();
+		if (!cgroup_err && mem_peak_a >= 0 && mem_peak_b >= 0)
+			mem_peak = mem_peak_b - mem_peak_a;
+	}
 	env.progs_processed++;
 
 	stats->file_name = strdup(base_filename);
@@ -1342,6 +1569,7 @@ static int process_prog(const char *filename, struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf
 	stats->stats[SIZE] = bpf_program__insn_cnt(prog);
 	stats->stats[PROG_TYPE] = bpf_program__type(prog);
 	stats->stats[ATTACH_TYPE] = bpf_program__expected_attach_type(prog);
+	stats->stats[MEMORY_PEAK] = mem_peak < 0 ? -1 : mem_peak / (1024 * 1024);
 
 	memset(&info, 0, info_len);
 	fd = bpf_program__fd(prog);
@@ -1825,6 +2053,7 @@ static int cmp_stat(const struct verif_stats *s1, const struct verif_stats *s2,
 	case TOTAL_STATES:
 	case PEAK_STATES:
 	case MAX_STATES_PER_INSN:
+	case MEMORY_PEAK:
 	case MARK_READ_MAX_LEN: {
 		long v1 = s1->stats[id];
 		long v2 = s2->stats[id];
@@ -2054,6 +2283,7 @@ static void prepare_value(const struct verif_stats *s, enum stat_id id,
 	case STACK:
 	case SIZE:
 	case JITED_SIZE:
+	case MEMORY_PEAK:
 		*val = s ? s->stats[id] : 0;
 		break;
 	default:
@@ -2140,6 +2370,7 @@ static int parse_stat_value(const char *str, enum stat_id id, struct verif_stats
 	case MARK_READ_MAX_LEN:
 	case SIZE:
 	case JITED_SIZE:
+	case MEMORY_PEAK:
 	case STACK: {
 		long val;
 		int err, n;
@@ -2777,7 +3008,7 @@ static void output_prog_stats(void)
 
 static int handle_verif_mode(void)
 {
-	int i, err;
+	int i, err = 0;
 
 	if (env.filename_cnt == 0) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "Please provide path to BPF object file!\n\n");
@@ -2785,11 +3016,12 @@ static int handle_verif_mode(void)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
+	create_stat_cgroup();
 	for (i = 0; i < env.filename_cnt; i++) {
 		err = process_obj(env.filenames[i]);
 		if (err) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to process '%s': %d\n", env.filenames[i], err);
-			return err;
+			goto out;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2797,7 +3029,9 @@ static int handle_verif_mode(void)
 
 	output_prog_stats();
 
-	return 0;
+out:
+	destroy_stat_cgroup();
+	return err;
 }
 
 static int handle_replay_mode(void)