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In LoongArch, when using the --reuse-cmdline option to reuse the current
command line, it may lead to redundancy (like kexec, initrd command line
arguments). In order to avoid the possible impact of initrd removal on other
architectures, remove_parameter will be called in a specific architecture
for processing.
Signed-off-by: Youling Tang <tangyouling@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org>
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There exist duplicate ultoa() definitions in many archs, remove them,
and also redefine ultoa() in kexec/kexec.h to make it more readable.
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@kernel.org>
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Currently, my_exec() does not expect the Xen KEXEC_CMD_kexec hypercall
to return on success, because it assumes that the hypercall always
triggers an immediate reboot. However, for Live Update, the hypercall
merely schedules the kexec operation and returns; the actual reboot
happens asynchronously. [1]
Therefore, rework the Xen code path of my_exec() such that it does not
treat a successfully processed Live Update request as an error. Also,
rephrase the comment above the function to remove ambiguity.
[1] https://lists.xen.org/archives/html/xen-devel/2021-05/msg00286.html
Signed-off-by: Raphael Ning <raphning@amazon.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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During kexec there are two kernel versions at play. The version of
the running kernel and the version of the kernel that will be booted.
On powerpc it appears people have been using the version of the
running kernel to attempt to detect properties of the kernel to be
booted which is just wrong. As the linux kernel version that is being
detected is a no longer supported kernel just remove that buggy and
confused code.
On x86_64 the kernel_version is used to compute the starting virtual
address of the running kernel so a proper core dump may be generated.
Using the kernel_version stopped working a while ago when the starting
virtual address became randomized.
The old code was kept for the case where the kernel was not built with
randomization support, but there is nothing in reading /proc/kcore
that won't work to detect the starting virtual address even there.
In fact /proc/kcore must have the starting virtual address or a
debugger can not make sense of the running kernel.
So just make computing the starting virtual address on x86_64
unconditional. With a hard coded fallback just in case something went
wrong.
Doing something with kernel_version() has become important as recent
stable kernels have seen the minor version to > 255. Just removing
kernel_version() looks like the best option.
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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This signals xen to do a KEXEC_TYPE_LIVE_UPDATE kexec operation.
Signed-off-by: Varad Gautam <vrd@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Support loading a live update image for xen from kexec userspace.
For a multiboot2 Elf on a xen setup, this will:
- load the Elf into KEXEC_RANGE_MA_XEN
- load purgatory and modules into KEXEC_RANGE_MA_LIVEUPDATE
- append the Elf cmdline with " liveupdate=<size>@<addr>
v2: define xen related symbols outside of HAVE_LIBXENCTRL
Signed-off-by: Varad Gautam <vrd@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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The handling of kexec_file_load() error conditions needs some
improvement.
First, on failure, the system call itself returns -1 and sets
errno. It is wrong to check the return value itself.
Second, do_kexec_file_load() mixes different types of error
codes (-1, return value of a load method, negative kernel error
number). Let it always return one of the reason codes defined in
kexec/kexec.h.
Third, the caller of do_kexec_file_load() cannot know what exactly
failed inside that function, so it should not check errno directly.
All it needs to know is whether it makes sense to fall back to the
other syscall. Add an error code for that purpose (EFALLBACK), and
let do_kexec_file_load() decide.
Fourth, do_kexec_file_load() should not print any error message if
it returns EFALLBACK, because the fallback syscall may succeed
later, and the user is confused whether the command failed, or not.
Move the error message towards the end of main().
Signed-off-by: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Add a new option --no-checks to kexec that allows for a fast
reboot by avoiding the purgatory integrity checks. This option is
intended for use by kexec based bootloaders that load a new
image and then immediately transfer control to it.
Signed-off-by: Geoff Levand <geoff@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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supported
Not all architectures implement KEXEC_FILE_LOAD. However, on some
archiectures KEXEC_FILE_LOAD is required when secure boot is enabled in
locked-down mode. Previously users had to select the KEXEC_FILE_LOAD
syscall with undocumented -s option. However, if they did pass the
option kexec would fail on architectures that do not support it.
So add an -a option that tries KEXEC_FILE_LOAD and when it is not
supported tries KEXEC_LOAD.
Signed-off-by: Michal Suchanek <msuchanek@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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The undocumented -s option selects KEXEC_FILE_LOAD syscall but there is
no option to select KEXEC_LOAD syscall. Add it so -s can be reverted.
Signed-off-by: Michal Suchanek <msuchanek@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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get_kernel_stext_sym() has been defined for both arm and i386. Other
architecture might need some other kernel symbol address. Therefore rewrite
this function as generic function to get any kernel symbol address.
More over, kallsyms is not arch specific representation, therefore have
common function for all arches.
Signed-off-by: Pratyush Anand <panand@redhat.com>
[created symbols.c]
Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
Tested-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Tested-by: Pratyush Anand <panand@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Crash kernel region size is available via sysfs on Linux running on
bare metal. However, this does not work when Linux runs as Xen dom0.
In this case Xen crash kernel region size should be established using
__HYPERVISOR_kexec_op hypercall (Linux kernel kexec functionality does
not make a lot of sense in Xen dom0). Sadly hypercalls are not easily
accessible using shell scripts or something like that. Potentially we
can check "xl dmesg" output for crashkernel option but this is not nice.
So, let's add this functionality, for Linux running on bare metal and
as Xen dom0, to kexec-tools. This way kdump scripts may establish crash
kernel region size in one way regardless of platform. All burden of
platform detection lies on kexec-tools.
Figure (and unit) displayed by this new kexec-tools functionality is
the same as one taken from /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric DeVolder <eric.devolder@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Instead of the scripts having to poke at various fields we can
provide that functionality via the -S parameter.
kexec_loaded/kexec_crash_loaded exposes Linux kernel kexec/crash
state. It does not say anything about Xen kexec/crash state. So,
we need a special approach to get the latter. Though for
compatibility we provide similar functionality in kexec-tools
for the former.
This change enables the --status or -S option to work either
with or without Xen.
Returns 0 if the payload is loaded. Can be used in combination
with -l or -p to get the state of the proper kexec image.
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric DeVolder <eric.devolder@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Many implementations statically allocate the memory range array, which
therefore will have a maximum allowable size. Add this information to
the memory_ranges structure, so we don't have to carry it around.
Reviewed-by: Pratyush Anand <panand@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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This reverts commit 8a1aa35a1077b42bc2a2afb05d24b637e1edf2a1.
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Crash kernel region size is available via sysfs on Linux running on
bare metal. However, this does not work when Linux runs as Xen dom0.
In this case Xen crash kernel region size should be established using
__HYPERVISOR_kexec_op hypercall (Linux kernel kexec functionality does
not make a lot of sense in Xen dom0). Sadly hypercalls are not easily
accessible using shell scripts or something like that. Potentially we
can check "xl dmesg" output for crashkernel option but this is not nice.
So, let's add this functionality, for Linux running on bare metal and
as Xen dom0, to kexec-tools. This way kdump scripts may establish crash
kernel region size in one way regardless of platform. All burden of
platform detection lies on kexec-tools.
Figure (and unit) displayed by this new kexec-tools functionality is
the same as one taken from /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_size.
This functionality is available on x86 platform only. If idea is acceptable
then I can prepare patches for other platforms (if it is possible and make
sense) and repost them as fully flagged patch series.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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The slurp_fd() function allocates memory and uses the read() system call.
This results in double memory consumption for image and initrd:
1) Memory allocated in user space by the kexec tool
2) Memory allocated in kernel by the kexec() system call
The following illustrates the use case that we have on s390x:
1) Boot a 4 GB Linux system
2) Copy kernel and 1,5 GB ramdisk from external source into tmpfs (ram)
3) Use kexec to boot kernel with ramdisk
Therefore for kexec runtime we need:
1,5 GB (tmpfs) + 1,5 GB (kexec malloc) + 1,5 GB (kernel memory) = 4,5 GB
This patch introduces slurp_file_mmap() which for "normal" files uses
mmap() instead of malloc()/read(). This reduces the runtime memory
consumption of the kexec tool as follows:
1,5 GB (tmpfs) + 1,5 GB (kernel memory) = 3 GB
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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There may be more than one crash kernel regions on x86. Currently,
kexec-tools picks the largest one. If high reservation is smaller
than low, it will try to load panic kernel low. However, the kexec
syscall checks that target address is within crashk_res boundaries,
so attempts to load crash kernel low result in -EADDRNOTAVAIL, and
kexec prints out this error message:
kexec_load failed: Cannot assign requested address
Looking at the logic in arch/x86/kernel/setup.c, there are only two
possible layouts:
1. crashk_res is below 4G, and there is only one region,
2. crashk_res is above 4G, and crashk_low_res is below 4G
In either case, kexec-tools must pick the highest region.
Changelog:
* v3: rename function to get_crash_kernel_load_range
* v2: remove unnecessary local variables
Signed-off-by: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Kernel add E820_PRAM or E820_PMEM type for NVDIMM memory device.
Now support them in kexec too.
Reported-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Tested-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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During kernel develoment, kexec can be used to get out of sticky
situations without going through possibly lenghty reboot; however,
there are situations where the filesystem and/or storage stack are
known to be misbehaving and performing sync before kexecing is
dangerous or just never finishes.
This patch implement -y (--no-sync) option which makes kexec skip
syncing in the similar way as -x (--no-ifdown).
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Hi,
This is v2 of the patch. Since v1, I moved syscall implemented check littler
earlier in the function as per the feedback.
Now a new kexec syscall (kexec_file_load()) has been merged in upstream
kernel. This system call takes file descriptors of kernel and initramfs
as input (as opposed to list of segments to be loaded). This new system
call allows for signature verification of the kernel being loaded.
One use of signature verification of kernel is secureboot systems where
we want to allow kexec into a kernel only if it is validly signed by
a key system trusts.
This patch provides and option --kexec-file-syscall (-s), to force use of
new system call for kexec. Default is to continue to use old syscall.
Currently only bzImage64 on x86_64 can be loaded using this system call.
As kernel adds support for more arches and for more image types, kexec-tools
can be modified accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Since "start" and "end" in kexec_iomem_for_each_line
are unsigned long long, this patch makes "callback"s
accept unsigned-long-long-type parameters.
Signed-off-by: Wei Jitao <weijitao@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Liu Hua <sdu.liu@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Add two new members to kexec_info structure:
struct memory_range *crash_range
int nr_crash_ranges;
crash_range contains the memory ranges used to boot 2nd kernel.
nr_crash_ranges contains the count of the crash memory ranges.
Signed-off-by: WANG Chao <chaowang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Linn Crosetto <linn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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dbgprint_mem_range is used for printing the given memory range under
debugging mode.
Signed-off-by: WANG Chao <chaowang@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Linn Crosetto <linn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Add an optional output parameter to slurp_file_len() so it can return the
actual number of bytes read.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Xen 4.4 has an improvided kexec hypercall ABI that allows images to be
loaded and executed without any kernel involvement. Use the API
provided by libxc to load images when running in a Xen guest.
Support for loading images via the kexec_load syscall in non-upstream
("classic") Xen kernels is no longer supported.
Signed-off-by: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Add '?' to the short option string. Fixes runtime errors like
these:
kexec: invalid option -- '?'
Signed-off-by: Geoff Levand <geoff@infradead.org> for Huawei, Linaro
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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The function add_backup_segments is only called by my_load and
they are in the same file. So unnecessary to export it. Make it
static.
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Vivek found specical handling crashkernel low in not good.
We should extend kexec-tools to handle multiple Crash kernel instead.
Extend crash_reserved_mem to array instead and use
kexec_iomem_for_each_line directly. After that we can drop
crashkernel low.
-v2: fix left over calling of parse_iomem_single() found by Vivek.
Suggested-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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This patch imports Macros for align operation:
- _ALIGN_UP(addr, size): align addr up on a size boundary
- _ALIGN_DOWN(addr, size): align addr down on a size boundary
- _ALIGN(addr, size): align addr up on a size boundary
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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The motivation for this is to remove duplicated code by sharing the fs2dt
between different architectures.
The code added by this patch is very close to the code currently used by
ppc64, and thus migrating that architecture should not be difficult. The
32bit powerpc code is a little different and thus more care is needed when
migrating that architecture to this code.
Unfortunately I do not have any powerpc equipment available to test this
code.
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Use gcc's __attribute__ to check format string.
Signed-off-by: Aleksey Makarov <aleksey.makarov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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kexec-tools package for debian includes a patch that adds a more
descriptive error message when someone tries to laod a crash kernel
and didn't remember to boot up with crashkernel= parameter. This
patch would be of general interest. This patch was originally written
by Alastair McKinstry.
Please apply.
Signed-off-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Currently the debugging code is under #ifdef DEBUG, which
means when we want to debug, we have to re-compile the source
code with -DDEBUG. This is not convenient, we want to have
a generic --debug option so that we can enable debugging code
without re-compiling.
This patch moves the arch-specific --debug to generic place
and moves code under #ifdef DEBUG to --debug on x86.
BTW, the size of kexec binary increases very little after this patch.
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Currently we hard-coded the first 640K area as backup area,
however, this is not correct on some system which has reserved
memory area in the first 640K:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000010000 - 0000000000097000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000097000 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
on such system we still mark all the first 640K as usable
in capture kernel, this will cause kernel panic.
The solution, pointed by Vivek, is that we can get the backup
area dynamically by reading /proc/iomem.
The reporter has tested this patch and it fixes the problem.
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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These fields as defined in kexec_info are not biarch safe and
beyond that crash_elf_info is the structure for passing this kind
of information not kexec_info. So move them in prepartion for
properly cleaning up biarch x86 functionality.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
[ horms@verge.net.au: converted stray elf_info-> to elf_info. ]
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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The function only had one user, the error checking was wrong,
and the functions it performed are best done elsewhere
so remove the tempation of a problemenatic hook.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
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I'm not pleased with the hacks that we use kernel_version
for but kernel_version itself is reasonable code and might
be needed elsewhere, so move kernel_version into the kexec
core.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
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This fixes a bug when using gdb with vmcore
as explained by Dave Anderson:
The kexec/arch/x86_64/crashdump-x86_64.h file contains a
stale PAGE_OFFSET value. In 2.6.27 it was changed from
0xffff810000000000UL to 0xffff880000000000UL. This is
only a problem when using gdb with the vmlinux/vmcore
pair, because gdb relies upon the PT_LOAD segment's p_vaddr
values in the ELF header to be correct.
Cc: Dave Anderson <anderson@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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The consumer of the purgatory buffer, elf_rel_build_load()
expects a signed char buffer.
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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A colleague of mine implemented kdump and it used --reuse-cmdline
with some rather interesting and unexpected results.
Update the getopt specification so that --reuse-cmdline does not
attempt to take an argument that it will not use.
Update the processing of --append so that --reuse-cmdline followed
by --append actually appends the parameters specified by --reuse-cmdline.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@aristanetworks.com>
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To support memory backup/restore an option named
--load-preserve-context is added to kexec. When it is specified
toggether with --mem-max, most segments for crash dump support are
loaded, and the memory range between mem_min to mem_max which has no
segments loaded are loaded as backup segments. To support jump back
from kexeced, options named --load-jump-back-helper and --entry are
added to load a helper image with specified entry to jump back.
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Currently a memory segment in memory map with attribute of EFI_MEMORY_UC
is denoted as "System RAM" in /proc/iomem, while memory of attribute
(EFI_MEMORY_WB|EFI_MEMORY_UC) is also labeled the same.
The kexec utility then includes uncached memory as part of vmcore.
The kdump kernel may MCA when it tries to save the vmcore to a disk.
A normal "cached" access can cause MCAs.
Since kexec assembled memory ranges with memory tagged as "System RAM",
the uncached memory will be excluded if it is labeled differently.
Simon, since only IA64 will create "Uncached RAM" label, i do not
make changes to other arch.
Our HP machine in the lab is dead. I am sorry that i can not test
against other IA64 systems (than SGI's). Feedback is very much
appreciated.
The corresponding kernel patch is needed to test this kexec patch:
http://marc.info/?l=linux-ia64&m=122122791230130&w=2
This patch without the kernel patch will have no effect and do no
harm.
The kernel patch has been commited as
"[IA64] kexec fails on systems with blocks of uncached memory".
Signed-off-by: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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This re-enables the fairly generic put/get_unaligned() routines in
kexec.h, while tidying up the variable shadowing clash that results
when using it in places like machine_apply_elf_rel().
Needed for SH ELF relocations.
IA64 still does its own put_unaligned64(), which should likely also be
converted over to using put_unaligned() directly.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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This code was copy-pasted into every architecture and was basically
identical.
Besides producing a nice net reduction in code, this factors a
portability challenge into a single function that can be easily replaced
at build-time.
Signed-off-by: Jamey Sharp <jamey@thetovacompany.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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Signed-off-by: Jamey Sharp <jamey@thetovacompany.com>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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This patch adds an option "--reuse-cmdline" for people that are lazy in typing
--append="$(cat /proc/cmdline)". The advantage of "--reuse-cmdline" is also that
it strips off BOOT_IMAGE (since it may not be correct any more) from lilo and
other boot loaders, and, more important, the crashkernel option in case a
panic kernel is loaded.
If you like the option I can also add it for really all architectures. Tested only
with x86-bzImage both the kexec and kdump case.
Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
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