Merge branch 'tip/perf/urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-2.6-trace into perf/core

11 files changed, 209 insertions, 146 deletions

diff --git a/fs/dcache.c b/fs/dcache.c
index 129a35730994..22a0ef41bad1 100644
--- a/fs/dcache.c
+++ b/fs/dcache.c
@@ -99,12 +99,9 @@ static struct kmem_cache *dentry_cache __read_mostly;
 static unsigned int d_hash_mask __read_mostly;
 static unsigned int d_hash_shift __read_mostly;
 
-struct dcache_hash_bucket {
-	struct hlist_bl_head head;
-};
-static struct dcache_hash_bucket *dentry_hashtable __read_mostly;
+static struct hlist_bl_head *dentry_hashtable __read_mostly;
 
-static inline struct dcache_hash_bucket *d_hash(struct dentry *parent,
+static inline struct hlist_bl_head *d_hash(struct dentry *parent,
 					unsigned long hash)
 {
 	hash += ((unsigned long) parent ^ GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME) / L1_CACHE_BYTES;
@@ -112,16 +109,6 @@ static inline struct dcache_hash_bucket *d_hash(struct dentry *parent,
 	return dentry_hashtable + (hash & D_HASHMASK);
 }
 
-static inline void spin_lock_bucket(struct dcache_hash_bucket *b)
-{
-	bit_spin_lock(0, (unsigned long *)&b->head.first);
-}
-
-static inline void spin_unlock_bucket(struct dcache_hash_bucket *b)
-{
-	__bit_spin_unlock(0, (unsigned long *)&b->head.first);
-}
-
 /* Statistics gathering. */
 struct dentry_stat_t dentry_stat = {
 	.age_limit = 45,
@@ -167,8 +154,8 @@ static void d_free(struct dentry *dentry)
 	if (dentry->d_op && dentry->d_op->d_release)
 		dentry->d_op->d_release(dentry);
 
-	/* if dentry was never inserted into hash, immediate free is OK */
-	if (hlist_bl_unhashed(&dentry->d_hash))
+	/* if dentry was never visible to RCU, immediate free is OK */
+	if (!(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_RCUACCESS))
 		__d_free(&dentry->d_u.d_rcu);
 	else
 		call_rcu(&dentry->d_u.d_rcu, __d_free);
@@ -330,28 +317,19 @@ static struct dentry *d_kill(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *parent)
  */
 void __d_drop(struct dentry *dentry)
 {
-	if (!(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_UNHASHED)) {
-		if (unlikely(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_DISCONNECTED)) {
-			bit_spin_lock(0,
-				(unsigned long *)&dentry->d_sb->s_anon.first);
-			dentry->d_flags |= DCACHE_UNHASHED;
-			hlist_bl_del_init(&dentry->d_hash);
-			__bit_spin_unlock(0,
-				(unsigned long *)&dentry->d_sb->s_anon.first);
-		} else {
-			struct dcache_hash_bucket *b;
+	if (!d_unhashed(dentry)) {
+		struct hlist_bl_head *b;
+		if (unlikely(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_DISCONNECTED))
+			b = &dentry->d_sb->s_anon;
+		else
 			b = d_hash(dentry->d_parent, dentry->d_name.hash);
-			spin_lock_bucket(b);
-			/*
-			 * We may not actually need to put DCACHE_UNHASHED
-			 * manipulations under the hash lock, but follow
-			 * the principle of least surprise.
-			 */
-			dentry->d_flags |= DCACHE_UNHASHED;
-			hlist_bl_del_rcu(&dentry->d_hash);
-			spin_unlock_bucket(b);
-			dentry_rcuwalk_barrier(dentry);
-		}
+
+		hlist_bl_lock(b);
+		__hlist_bl_del(&dentry->d_hash);
+		dentry->d_hash.pprev = NULL;
+		hlist_bl_unlock(b);
+
+		dentry_rcuwalk_barrier(dentry);
 	}
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__d_drop);
@@ -1304,7 +1282,7 @@ struct dentry *d_alloc(struct dentry * parent, const struct qstr *name)
 	dname[name->len] = 0;
 
 	dentry->d_count = 1;
-	dentry->d_flags = DCACHE_UNHASHED;
+	dentry->d_flags = 0;
 	spin_lock_init(&dentry->d_lock);
 	seqcount_init(&dentry->d_seq);
 	dentry->d_inode = NULL;
@@ -1606,10 +1584,9 @@ struct dentry *d_obtain_alias(struct inode *inode)
 	tmp->d_inode = inode;
 	tmp->d_flags |= DCACHE_DISCONNECTED;
 	list_add(&tmp->d_alias, &inode->i_dentry);
-	bit_spin_lock(0, (unsigned long *)&tmp->d_sb->s_anon.first);
-	tmp->d_flags &= ~DCACHE_UNHASHED;
+	hlist_bl_lock(&tmp->d_sb->s_anon);
 	hlist_bl_add_head(&tmp->d_hash, &tmp->d_sb->s_anon);
-	__bit_spin_unlock(0, (unsigned long *)&tmp->d_sb->s_anon.first);
+	hlist_bl_unlock(&tmp->d_sb->s_anon);
 	spin_unlock(&tmp->d_lock);
 	spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
 	security_d_instantiate(tmp, inode);
@@ -1789,7 +1766,7 @@ struct dentry *__d_lookup_rcu(struct dentry *parent, struct qstr *name,
 	unsigned int len = name->len;
 	unsigned int hash = name->hash;
 	const unsigned char *str = name->name;
-	struct dcache_hash_bucket *b = d_hash(parent, hash);
+	struct hlist_bl_head *b = d_hash(parent, hash);
 	struct hlist_bl_node *node;
 	struct dentry *dentry;
 
@@ -1813,7 +1790,7 @@ struct dentry *__d_lookup_rcu(struct dentry *parent, struct qstr *name,
 	 *
 	 * See Documentation/filesystems/path-lookup.txt for more details.
 	 */
-	hlist_bl_for_each_entry_rcu(dentry, node, &b->head, d_hash) {
+	hlist_bl_for_each_entry_rcu(dentry, node, b, d_hash) {
 		struct inode *i;
 		const char *tname;
 		int tlen;
@@ -1908,7 +1885,7 @@ struct dentry *__d_lookup(struct dentry *parent, struct qstr *name)
 	unsigned int len = name->len;
 	unsigned int hash = name->hash;
 	const unsigned char *str = name->name;
-	struct dcache_hash_bucket *b = d_hash(parent, hash);
+	struct hlist_bl_head *b = d_hash(parent, hash);
 	struct hlist_bl_node *node;
 	struct dentry *found = NULL;
 	struct dentry *dentry;
@@ -1935,7 +1912,7 @@ struct dentry *__d_lookup(struct dentry *parent, struct qstr *name)
 	 */
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	
-	hlist_bl_for_each_entry_rcu(dentry, node, &b->head, d_hash) {
+	hlist_bl_for_each_entry_rcu(dentry, node, b, d_hash) {
 		const char *tname;
 		int tlen;
 
@@ -2086,13 +2063,13 @@ again:
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(d_delete);
 
-static void __d_rehash(struct dentry * entry, struct dcache_hash_bucket *b)
+static void __d_rehash(struct dentry * entry, struct hlist_bl_head *b)
 {
 	BUG_ON(!d_unhashed(entry));
-	spin_lock_bucket(b);
- 	entry->d_flags &= ~DCACHE_UNHASHED;
-	hlist_bl_add_head_rcu(&entry->d_hash, &b->head);
-	spin_unlock_bucket(b);
+	hlist_bl_lock(b);
+	entry->d_flags |= DCACHE_RCUACCESS;
+	hlist_bl_add_head_rcu(&entry->d_hash, b);
+	hlist_bl_unlock(b);
 }
 
 static void _d_rehash(struct dentry * entry)
@@ -3025,7 +3002,7 @@ static void __init dcache_init_early(void)
 
 	dentry_hashtable =
 		alloc_large_system_hash("Dentry cache",
-					sizeof(struct dcache_hash_bucket),
+					sizeof(struct hlist_bl_head),
 					dhash_entries,
 					13,
 					HASH_EARLY,
@@ -3034,7 +3011,7 @@ static void __init dcache_init_early(void)
 					0);
 
 	for (loop = 0; loop < (1 << d_hash_shift); loop++)
-		INIT_HLIST_BL_HEAD(&dentry_hashtable[loop].head);
+		INIT_HLIST_BL_HEAD(dentry_hashtable + loop);
 }
 
 static void __init dcache_init(void)
@@ -3057,7 +3034,7 @@ static void __init dcache_init(void)
 
 	dentry_hashtable =
 		alloc_large_system_hash("Dentry cache",
-					sizeof(struct dcache_hash_bucket),
+					sizeof(struct hlist_bl_head),
 					dhash_entries,
 					13,
 					0,
@@ -3066,7 +3043,7 @@ static void __init dcache_init(void)
 					0);
 
 	for (loop = 0; loop < (1 << d_hash_shift); loop++)
-		INIT_HLIST_BL_HEAD(&dentry_hashtable[loop].head);
+		INIT_HLIST_BL_HEAD(dentry_hashtable + loop);
 }
 
 /* SLAB cache for __getname() consumers */
diff --git a/fs/ecryptfs/crypto.c b/fs/ecryptfs/crypto.c
index d2a70a4561f9..b8d5c8091024 100644
--- a/fs/ecryptfs/crypto.c
+++ b/fs/ecryptfs/crypto.c
@@ -1452,6 +1452,25 @@ static void set_default_header_data(struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat)
 	crypt_stat->metadata_size = ECRYPTFS_MINIMUM_HEADER_EXTENT_SIZE;
 }
 
+void ecryptfs_i_size_init(const char *page_virt, struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct ecryptfs_mount_crypt_stat *mount_crypt_stat;
+	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat;
+	u64 file_size;
+
+	crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(inode)->crypt_stat;
+	mount_crypt_stat =
+		&ecryptfs_superblock_to_private(inode->i_sb)->mount_crypt_stat;
+	if (mount_crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED_VIEW_ENABLED) {
+		file_size = i_size_read(ecryptfs_inode_to_lower(inode));
+		if (crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR)
+			file_size += crypt_stat->metadata_size;
+	} else
+		file_size = get_unaligned_be64(page_virt);
+	i_size_write(inode, (loff_t)file_size);
+	crypt_stat->flags |= ECRYPTFS_I_SIZE_INITIALIZED;
+}
+
 /**
  * ecryptfs_read_headers_virt
  * @page_virt: The virtual address into which to read the headers
@@ -1482,6 +1501,8 @@ static int ecryptfs_read_headers_virt(char *page_virt,
 		rc = -EINVAL;
 		goto out;
 	}
+	if (!(crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_I_SIZE_INITIALIZED))
+		ecryptfs_i_size_init(page_virt, ecryptfs_dentry->d_inode);
 	offset += MAGIC_ECRYPTFS_MARKER_SIZE_BYTES;
 	rc = ecryptfs_process_flags(crypt_stat, (page_virt + offset),
 				    &bytes_read);
diff --git a/fs/ecryptfs/ecryptfs_kernel.h b/fs/ecryptfs/ecryptfs_kernel.h
index bd3cafd0949d..e70282775e2c 100644
--- a/fs/ecryptfs/ecryptfs_kernel.h
+++ b/fs/ecryptfs/ecryptfs_kernel.h
@@ -269,6 +269,7 @@ struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat {
 #define ECRYPTFS_ENCFN_USE_MOUNT_FNEK 0x00000800
 #define ECRYPTFS_ENCFN_USE_FEK        0x00001000
 #define ECRYPTFS_UNLINK_SIGS          0x00002000
+#define ECRYPTFS_I_SIZE_INITIALIZED   0x00004000
 	u32 flags;
 	unsigned int file_version;
 	size_t iv_bytes;
@@ -295,6 +296,8 @@ struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat {
 struct ecryptfs_inode_info {
 	struct inode vfs_inode;
 	struct inode *wii_inode;
+	struct mutex lower_file_mutex;
+	atomic_t lower_file_count;
 	struct file *lower_file;
 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat crypt_stat;
 };
@@ -626,6 +629,7 @@ struct ecryptfs_open_req {
 int ecryptfs_interpose(struct dentry *hidden_dentry,
 		       struct dentry *this_dentry, struct super_block *sb,
 		       u32 flags);
+void ecryptfs_i_size_init(const char *page_virt, struct inode *inode);
 int ecryptfs_lookup_and_interpose_lower(struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry,
 					struct dentry *lower_dentry,
 					struct inode *ecryptfs_dir_inode);
@@ -757,7 +761,8 @@ int ecryptfs_privileged_open(struct file **lower_file,
 			     struct dentry *lower_dentry,
 			     struct vfsmount *lower_mnt,
 			     const struct cred *cred);
-int ecryptfs_init_persistent_file(struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry);
+int ecryptfs_get_lower_file(struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry);
+void ecryptfs_put_lower_file(struct inode *inode);
 int
 ecryptfs_write_tag_70_packet(char *dest, size_t *remaining_bytes,
 			     size_t *packet_size,
diff --git a/fs/ecryptfs/file.c b/fs/ecryptfs/file.c
index cedc913d11ba..566e5472f78c 100644
--- a/fs/ecryptfs/file.c
+++ b/fs/ecryptfs/file.c
@@ -191,10 +191,10 @@ static int ecryptfs_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 				      | ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED);
 	}
 	mutex_unlock(&crypt_stat->cs_mutex);
-	rc = ecryptfs_init_persistent_file(ecryptfs_dentry);
+	rc = ecryptfs_get_lower_file(ecryptfs_dentry);
 	if (rc) {
 		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: Error attempting to initialize "
-			"the persistent file for the dentry with name "
+			"the lower file for the dentry with name "
 			"[%s]; rc = [%d]\n", __func__,
 			ecryptfs_dentry->d_name.name, rc);
 		goto out_free;
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@ static int ecryptfs_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 	if ((ecryptfs_inode_to_private(inode)->lower_file->f_flags & O_ACCMODE)
 	    == O_RDONLY && (file->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY) {
 		rc = -EPERM;
-		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: Lower persistent file is RO; eCryptfs "
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: Lower file is RO; eCryptfs "
 		       "file must hence be opened RO\n", __func__);
-		goto out_free;
+		goto out_put;
 	}
 	ecryptfs_set_file_lower(
 		file, ecryptfs_inode_to_private(inode)->lower_file);
@@ -232,10 +232,11 @@ static int ecryptfs_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 				       "Plaintext passthrough mode is not "
 				       "enabled; returning -EIO\n");
 				mutex_unlock(&crypt_stat->cs_mutex);
-				goto out_free;
+				goto out_put;
 			}
 			rc = 0;
-			crypt_stat->flags &= ~(ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED);
+			crypt_stat->flags &= ~(ECRYPTFS_I_SIZE_INITIALIZED
+					       | ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED);
 			mutex_unlock(&crypt_stat->cs_mutex);
 			goto out;
 		}
@@ -245,6 +246,8 @@ static int ecryptfs_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 			"[0x%.16lx] size: [0x%.16llx]\n", inode, inode->i_ino,
 			(unsigned long long)i_size_read(inode));
 	goto out;
+out_put:
+	ecryptfs_put_lower_file(inode);
 out_free:
 	kmem_cache_free(ecryptfs_file_info_cache,
 			ecryptfs_file_to_private(file));
@@ -254,17 +257,13 @@ out:
 
 static int ecryptfs_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t td)
 {
-	int rc = 0;
-	struct file *lower_file = NULL;
-
-	lower_file = ecryptfs_file_to_lower(file);
-	if (lower_file->f_op && lower_file->f_op->flush)
-		rc = lower_file->f_op->flush(lower_file, td);
-	return rc;
+	return file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE
+	       ? filemap_write_and_wait(file->f_mapping) : 0;
 }
 
 static int ecryptfs_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
+	ecryptfs_put_lower_file(inode);
 	kmem_cache_free(ecryptfs_file_info_cache,
 			ecryptfs_file_to_private(file));
 	return 0;
diff --git a/fs/ecryptfs/inode.c b/fs/ecryptfs/inode.c
index f99051b7adab..4d4cc6a90cd5 100644
--- a/fs/ecryptfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ecryptfs/inode.c
@@ -168,19 +168,18 @@ static int ecryptfs_initialize_file(struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry)
 				"context; rc = [%d]\n", rc);
 		goto out;
 	}
-	rc = ecryptfs_init_persistent_file(ecryptfs_dentry);
+	rc = ecryptfs_get_lower_file(ecryptfs_dentry);
 	if (rc) {
 		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: Error attempting to initialize "
-			"the persistent file for the dentry with name "
+			"the lower file for the dentry with name "
 			"[%s]; rc = [%d]\n", __func__,
 			ecryptfs_dentry->d_name.name, rc);
 		goto out;
 	}
 	rc = ecryptfs_write_metadata(ecryptfs_dentry);
-	if (rc) {
+	if (rc)
 		printk(KERN_ERR "Error writing headers; rc = [%d]\n", rc);
-		goto out;
-	}
+	ecryptfs_put_lower_file(ecryptfs_dentry->d_inode);
 out:
 	return rc;
 }
@@ -226,11 +225,9 @@ int ecryptfs_lookup_and_interpose_lower(struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry,
 	struct dentry *lower_dir_dentry;
 	struct vfsmount *lower_mnt;
 	struct inode *lower_inode;
-	struct ecryptfs_mount_crypt_stat *mount_crypt_stat;
 	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat;
 	char *page_virt = NULL;
-	u64 file_size;
-	int rc = 0;
+	int put_lower = 0, rc = 0;
 
 	lower_dir_dentry = lower_dentry->d_parent;
 	lower_mnt = mntget(ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(
@@ -277,14 +274,15 @@ int ecryptfs_lookup_and_interpose_lower(struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry,
 		rc = -ENOMEM;
 		goto out;
 	}
-	rc = ecryptfs_init_persistent_file(ecryptfs_dentry);
+	rc = ecryptfs_get_lower_file(ecryptfs_dentry);
 	if (rc) {
 		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: Error attempting to initialize "
-			"the persistent file for the dentry with name "
+			"the lower file for the dentry with name "
 			"[%s]; rc = [%d]\n", __func__,
 			ecryptfs_dentry->d_name.name, rc);
 		goto out_free_kmem;
 	}
+	put_lower = 1;
 	crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(
 					ecryptfs_dentry->d_inode)->crypt_stat;
 	/* TODO: lock for crypt_stat comparison */
@@ -302,18 +300,7 @@ int ecryptfs_lookup_and_interpose_lower(struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry,
 		}
 		crypt_stat->flags |= ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR;
 	}
-	mount_crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_superblock_to_private(
-		ecryptfs_dentry->d_sb)->mount_crypt_stat;
-	if (mount_crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED_VIEW_ENABLED) {
-		if (crypt_stat->flags & ECRYPTFS_METADATA_IN_XATTR)
-			file_size = (crypt_stat->metadata_size
-				     + i_size_read(lower_dentry->d_inode));
-		else
-			file_size = i_size_read(lower_dentry->d_inode);
-	} else {
-		file_size = get_unaligned_be64(page_virt);
-	}
-	i_size_write(ecryptfs_dentry->d_inode, (loff_t)file_size);
+	ecryptfs_i_size_init(page_virt, ecryptfs_dentry->d_inode);
 out_free_kmem:
 	kmem_cache_free(ecryptfs_header_cache_2, page_virt);
 	goto out;
@@ -322,6 +309,8 @@ out_put:
 	mntput(lower_mnt);
 	d_drop(ecryptfs_dentry);
 out:
+	if (put_lower)
+		ecryptfs_put_lower_file(ecryptfs_dentry->d_inode);
 	return rc;
 }
 
@@ -538,8 +527,6 @@ static int ecryptfs_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	dget(lower_dentry);
 	rc = vfs_rmdir(lower_dir_dentry->d_inode, lower_dentry);
 	dput(lower_dentry);
-	if (!rc)
-		d_delete(lower_dentry);
 	fsstack_copy_attr_times(dir, lower_dir_dentry->d_inode);
 	dir->i_nlink = lower_dir_dentry->d_inode->i_nlink;
 	unlock_dir(lower_dir_dentry);
@@ -610,8 +597,8 @@ ecryptfs_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 		fsstack_copy_attr_all(old_dir, lower_old_dir_dentry->d_inode);
 out_lock:
 	unlock_rename(lower_old_dir_dentry, lower_new_dir_dentry);
-	dput(lower_new_dentry->d_parent);
-	dput(lower_old_dentry->d_parent);
+	dput(lower_new_dir_dentry);
+	dput(lower_old_dir_dentry);
 	dput(lower_new_dentry);
 	dput(lower_old_dentry);
 	return rc;
@@ -759,8 +746,11 @@ static int truncate_upper(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *ia,
 
 	if (unlikely((ia->ia_size == i_size))) {
 		lower_ia->ia_valid &= ~ATTR_SIZE;
-		goto out;
+		return 0;
 	}
+	rc = ecryptfs_get_lower_file(dentry);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
 	crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_inode_to_private(dentry->d_inode)->crypt_stat;
 	/* Switch on growing or shrinking file */
 	if (ia->ia_size > i_size) {
@@ -838,6 +828,7 @@ static int truncate_upper(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *ia,
 			lower_ia->ia_valid &= ~ATTR_SIZE;
 	}
 out:
+	ecryptfs_put_lower_file(inode);
 	return rc;
 }
 
@@ -913,7 +904,13 @@ static int ecryptfs_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *ia)
 
 		mount_crypt_stat = &ecryptfs_superblock_to_private(
 			dentry->d_sb)->mount_crypt_stat;
+		rc = ecryptfs_get_lower_file(dentry);
+		if (rc) {
+			mutex_unlock(&crypt_stat->cs_mutex);
+			goto out;
+		}
 		rc = ecryptfs_read_metadata(dentry);
+		ecryptfs_put_lower_file(inode);
 		if (rc) {
 			if (!(mount_crypt_stat->flags
 			      & ECRYPTFS_PLAINTEXT_PASSTHROUGH_ENABLED)) {
@@ -927,10 +924,17 @@ static int ecryptfs_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *ia)
 				goto out;
 			}
 			rc = 0;
-			crypt_stat->flags &= ~(ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED);
+			crypt_stat->flags &= ~(ECRYPTFS_I_SIZE_INITIALIZED
+					       | ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED);
 		}
 	}
 	mutex_unlock(&crypt_stat->cs_mutex);
+	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
+		rc = filemap_write_and_wait(inode->i_mapping);
+		if (rc)
+			goto out;
+		fsstack_copy_attr_all(inode, lower_inode);
+	}
 	memcpy(&lower_ia, ia, sizeof(lower_ia));
 	if (ia->ia_valid & ATTR_FILE)
 		lower_ia.ia_file = ecryptfs_file_to_lower(ia->ia_file);
diff --git a/fs/ecryptfs/kthread.c b/fs/ecryptfs/kthread.c
index 0851ab6980f5..69f994a7d524 100644
--- a/fs/ecryptfs/kthread.c
+++ b/fs/ecryptfs/kthread.c
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ static struct task_struct *ecryptfs_kthread;
  * @ignored: ignored
  *
  * The eCryptfs kernel thread that has the responsibility of getting
- * the lower persistent file with RW permissions.
+ * the lower file with RW permissions.
  *
  * Returns zero on success; non-zero otherwise
  */
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ int ecryptfs_privileged_open(struct file **lower_file,
 	int rc = 0;
 
 	/* Corresponding dput() and mntput() are done when the
-	 * persistent file is fput() when the eCryptfs inode is
-	 * destroyed. */
+	 * lower file is fput() when all eCryptfs files for the inode are
+	 * released. */
 	dget(lower_dentry);
 	mntget(lower_mnt);
 	flags |= IS_RDONLY(lower_dentry->d_inode) ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR;
diff --git a/fs/ecryptfs/main.c b/fs/ecryptfs/main.c
index fdb2eb0ad09e..89b93389af8e 100644
--- a/fs/ecryptfs/main.c
+++ b/fs/ecryptfs/main.c
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ void __ecryptfs_printk(const char *fmt, ...)
 }
 
 /**
- * ecryptfs_init_persistent_file
+ * ecryptfs_init_lower_file
  * @ecryptfs_dentry: Fully initialized eCryptfs dentry object, with
  *                   the lower dentry and the lower mount set
  *
@@ -104,42 +104,70 @@ void __ecryptfs_printk(const char *fmt, ...)
  * inode. All I/O operations to the lower inode occur through that
  * file. When the first eCryptfs dentry that interposes with the first
  * lower dentry for that inode is created, this function creates the
- * persistent file struct and associates it with the eCryptfs
- * inode. When the eCryptfs inode is destroyed, the file is closed.
+ * lower file struct and associates it with the eCryptfs
+ * inode. When all eCryptfs files associated with the inode are released, the
+ * file is closed.
  *
- * The persistent file will be opened with read/write permissions, if
+ * The lower file will be opened with read/write permissions, if
  * possible. Otherwise, it is opened read-only.
  *
- * This function does nothing if a lower persistent file is already
+ * This function does nothing if a lower file is already
  * associated with the eCryptfs inode.
  *
  * Returns zero on success; non-zero otherwise
  */
-int ecryptfs_init_persistent_file(struct dentry *ecryptfs_dentry)
+static int ecryptfs_init_lower_file(struct dentry *dentry,
+				    struct file **lower_file)
 {
 	const struct cred *cred = current_cred();
-	struct ecryptfs_inode_info *inode_info =
-		ecryptfs_inode_to_private(ecryptfs_dentry->d_inode);
-	int rc = 0;
+	struct dentry *lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(dentry);
+	struct vfsmount *lower_mnt = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(dentry);
+	int rc;
 
-	if (!inode_info->lower_file) {
-		struct dentry *lower_dentry;
-		struct vfsmount *lower_mnt =
-			ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower_mnt(ecryptfs_dentry);
+	rc = ecryptfs_privileged_open(lower_file, lower_dentry, lower_mnt,
+				      cred);
+	if (rc) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "Error opening lower file "
+		       "for lower_dentry [0x%p] and lower_mnt [0x%p]; "
+		       "rc = [%d]\n", lower_dentry, lower_mnt, rc);
+		(*lower_file) = NULL;
+	}
+	return rc;
+}
 
-		lower_dentry = ecryptfs_dentry_to_lower(ecryptfs_dentry);
-		rc = ecryptfs_privileged_open(&inode_info->lower_file,
-					      lower_dentry, lower_mnt, cred);
-		if (rc) {
-			printk(KERN_ERR "Error opening lower persistent file "
-			       "for lower_dentry [0x%p] and lower_mnt [0x%p]; "
-			       "rc = [%d]\n", lower_dentry, lower_mnt, rc);
-			inode_info->lower_file = NULL;
-		}
+int ecryptfs_get_lower_file(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct ecryptfs_inode_info *inode_info =
+		ecryptfs_inode_to_private(dentry->d_inode);
+	int count, rc = 0;
+
+	mutex_lock(&inode_info->lower_file_mutex);
+	count = atomic_inc_return(&inode_info->lower_file_count);
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(count < 1))
+		rc = -EINVAL;
+	else if (count == 1) {
+		rc = ecryptfs_init_lower_file(dentry,
+					      &inode_info->lower_file);
+		if (rc)
+			atomic_set(&inode_info->lower_file_count, 0);
 	}
+	mutex_unlock(&inode_info->lower_file_mutex);
 	return rc;
 }
 
+void ecryptfs_put_lower_file(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct ecryptfs_inode_info *inode_info;
+
+	inode_info = ecryptfs_inode_to_private(inode);
+	if (atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock(&inode_info->lower_file_count,
+				      &inode_info->lower_file_mutex)) {
+		fput(inode_info->lower_file);
+		inode_info->lower_file = NULL;
+		mutex_unlock(&inode_info->lower_file_mutex);
+	}
+}
+
 static struct inode *ecryptfs_get_inode(struct inode *lower_inode,
 		       struct super_block *sb)
 {
diff --git a/fs/ecryptfs/super.c b/fs/ecryptfs/super.c
index bacc882e1ae4..245b517bf1b6 100644
--- a/fs/ecryptfs/super.c
+++ b/fs/ecryptfs/super.c
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ static struct inode *ecryptfs_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
 	if (unlikely(!inode_info))
 		goto out;
 	ecryptfs_init_crypt_stat(&inode_info->crypt_stat);
+	mutex_init(&inode_info->lower_file_mutex);
+	atomic_set(&inode_info->lower_file_count, 0);
 	inode_info->lower_file = NULL;
 	inode = &inode_info->vfs_inode;
 out:
@@ -77,8 +79,7 @@ static void ecryptfs_i_callback(struct rcu_head *head)
  *
  * This is used during the final destruction of the inode.  All
  * allocation of memory related to the inode, including allocated
- * memory in the crypt_stat struct, will be released here. This
- * function also fput()'s the persistent file for the lower inode.
+ * memory in the crypt_stat struct, will be released here.
  * There should be no chance that this deallocation will be missed.
  */
 static void ecryptfs_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
@@ -86,16 +87,7 @@ static void ecryptfs_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
 	struct ecryptfs_inode_info *inode_info;
 
 	inode_info = ecryptfs_inode_to_private(inode);
-	if (inode_info->lower_file) {
-		struct dentry *lower_dentry =
-			inode_info->lower_file->f_dentry;
-
-		BUG_ON(!lower_dentry);
-		if (lower_dentry->d_inode) {
-			fput(inode_info->lower_file);
-			inode_info->lower_file = NULL;
-		}
-	}
+	BUG_ON(inode_info->lower_file);
 	ecryptfs_destroy_crypt_stat(&inode_info->crypt_stat);
 	call_rcu(&inode->i_rcu, ecryptfs_i_callback);
 }
diff --git a/fs/gfs2/glock.c b/fs/gfs2/glock.c
index f07643e21bfa..7a4fb630a320 100644
--- a/fs/gfs2/glock.c
+++ b/fs/gfs2/glock.c
@@ -93,14 +93,12 @@ static unsigned int gl_hash(const struct gfs2_sbd *sdp,
 
 static inline void spin_lock_bucket(unsigned int hash)
 {
-	struct hlist_bl_head *bl = &gl_hash_table[hash];
-	bit_spin_lock(0, (unsigned long *)bl);
+	hlist_bl_lock(&gl_hash_table[hash]);
 }
 
 static inline void spin_unlock_bucket(unsigned int hash)
 {
-	struct hlist_bl_head *bl = &gl_hash_table[hash];
-	__bit_spin_unlock(0, (unsigned long *)bl);
+	hlist_bl_unlock(&gl_hash_table[hash]);
 }
 
 static void gfs2_glock_dealloc(struct rcu_head *rcu)
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/recovery.c b/fs/ubifs/recovery.c
index 936f2cbfe6b6..3dbad6fbd1eb 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/recovery.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/recovery.c
@@ -317,6 +317,32 @@ int ubifs_recover_master_node(struct ubifs_info *c)
 			goto out_free;
 		}
 		memcpy(c->rcvrd_mst_node, c->mst_node, UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ);
+
+		/*
+		 * We had to recover the master node, which means there was an
+		 * unclean reboot. However, it is possible that the master node
+		 * is clean at this point, i.e., %UBIFS_MST_DIRTY is not set.
+		 * E.g., consider the following chain of events:
+		 *
+		 * 1. UBIFS was cleanly unmounted, so the master node is clean
+		 * 2. UBIFS is being mounted R/W and starts changing the master
+		 *    node in the first (%UBIFS_MST_LNUM). A power cut happens,
+		 *    so this LEB ends up with some amount of garbage at the
+		 *    end.
+		 * 3. UBIFS is being mounted R/O. We reach this place and
+		 *    recover the master node from the second LEB
+		 *    (%UBIFS_MST_LNUM + 1). But we cannot update the media
+		 *    because we are being mounted R/O. We have to defer the
+		 *    operation.
+		 * 4. However, this master node (@c->mst_node) is marked as
+		 *    clean (since the step 1). And if we just return, the
+		 *    mount code will be confused and won't recover the master
+		 *    node when it is re-mounter R/W later.
+		 *
+		 *    Thus, to force the recovery by marking the master node as
+		 *    dirty.
+		 */
+		c->mst_node->flags |= cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY);
 	} else {
 		/* Write the recovered master node */
 		c->max_sqnum = le64_to_cpu(mst->ch.sqnum) - 1;
diff --git a/fs/ubifs/super.c b/fs/ubifs/super.c
index c75f6133206c..be6c7b008f38 100644
--- a/fs/ubifs/super.c
+++ b/fs/ubifs/super.c
@@ -1671,14 +1671,25 @@ static int ubifs_remount_rw(struct ubifs_info *c)
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 
+	dbg_gen("re-mounted read-write");
+	c->remounting_rw = 0;
+
 	if (c->need_recovery) {
 		c->need_recovery = 0;
 		ubifs_msg("deferred recovery completed");
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Do not run the debugging space check if the were doing
+		 * recovery, because when we saved the information we had the
+		 * file-system in a state where the TNC and lprops has been
+		 * modified in memory, but all the I/O operations (including a
+		 * commit) were deferred. So the file-system was in
+		 * "non-committed" state. Now the file-system is in committed
+		 * state, and of course the amount of free space will change
+		 * because, for example, the old index size was imprecise.
+		 */
+		err = dbg_check_space_info(c);
 	}
-
-	dbg_gen("re-mounted read-write");
-	c->remounting_rw = 0;
-	err = dbg_check_space_info(c);
 	mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
 	return err;
 
@@ -1761,10 +1772,12 @@ static void ubifs_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
 	 * of the media. For example, there will be dirty inodes if we failed
 	 * to write them back because of I/O errors.
 	 */
-	ubifs_assert(atomic_long_read(&c->dirty_pg_cnt) == 0);
-	ubifs_assert(c->budg_idx_growth == 0);
-	ubifs_assert(c->budg_dd_growth == 0);
-	ubifs_assert(c->budg_data_growth == 0);
+	if (!c->ro_error) {
+		ubifs_assert(atomic_long_read(&c->dirty_pg_cnt) == 0);
+		ubifs_assert(c->budg_idx_growth == 0);
+		ubifs_assert(c->budg_dd_growth == 0);
+		ubifs_assert(c->budg_data_growth == 0);
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * The 'c->umount_lock' prevents races between UBIFS memory shrinker