Merge branch 'libbpf-stringify-error-codes-in-log-messages'

Mykyta Yatsenko says:

====================
libbpf: stringify error codes in log messages

From: Mykyta Yatsenko <yatsenko@meta.com>

Libbpf may report error in 2 ways:
 1. Numeric errno
 2. Errno's text representation, returned by strerror
Both ways may be confusing for users: numeric code requires people to
know how to find its meaning and strerror may be too generic and
unclear.

These patches modify libbpf error reporting by swapping numeric codes
and strerror with the standard short error name, for example:
"failed to attach: -22" becomes "failed to attach: -EINVAL".
====================

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20241111212919.368971-1-mykyta.yatsenko5@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>

11 files changed, 306 insertions, 266 deletions

diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/btf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/btf.c
index e9673c0ecbe7..8befb8103e32 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/btf.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/btf.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "libbpf_internal.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
 #include "strset.h"
+#include "str_error.h"
 
 #define BTF_MAX_NR_TYPES 0x7fffffffU
 #define BTF_MAX_STR_OFFSET 0x7fffffffU
@@ -1179,7 +1180,7 @@ static struct btf *btf_parse_elf(const char *path, struct btf *base_btf,
 	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
 	if (fd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("failed to open %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
+		pr_warn("failed to open %s: %s\n", path, errstr(err));
 		return ERR_PTR(err);
 	}
 
@@ -1445,7 +1446,7 @@ retry_load:
 			goto retry_load;
 
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("BTF loading error: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("BTF loading error: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		/* don't print out contents of custom log_buf */
 		if (!log_buf && buf[0])
 			pr_warn("-- BEGIN BTF LOAD LOG ---\n%s\n-- END BTF LOAD LOG --\n", buf);
@@ -3464,42 +3465,42 @@ int btf__dedup(struct btf *btf, const struct btf_dedup_opts *opts)
 
 	err = btf_dedup_prep(d);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_debug("btf_dedup_prep failed:%d\n", err);
+		pr_debug("btf_dedup_prep failed: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto done;
 	}
 	err = btf_dedup_strings(d);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		pr_debug("btf_dedup_strings failed:%d\n", err);
+		pr_debug("btf_dedup_strings failed: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto done;
 	}
 	err = btf_dedup_prim_types(d);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		pr_debug("btf_dedup_prim_types failed:%d\n", err);
+		pr_debug("btf_dedup_prim_types failed: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto done;
 	}
 	err = btf_dedup_struct_types(d);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		pr_debug("btf_dedup_struct_types failed:%d\n", err);
+		pr_debug("btf_dedup_struct_types failed: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto done;
 	}
 	err = btf_dedup_resolve_fwds(d);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		pr_debug("btf_dedup_resolve_fwds failed:%d\n", err);
+		pr_debug("btf_dedup_resolve_fwds failed: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto done;
 	}
 	err = btf_dedup_ref_types(d);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		pr_debug("btf_dedup_ref_types failed:%d\n", err);
+		pr_debug("btf_dedup_ref_types failed: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto done;
 	}
 	err = btf_dedup_compact_types(d);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		pr_debug("btf_dedup_compact_types failed:%d\n", err);
+		pr_debug("btf_dedup_compact_types failed: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto done;
 	}
 	err = btf_dedup_remap_types(d);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		pr_debug("btf_dedup_remap_types failed:%d\n", err);
+		pr_debug("btf_dedup_remap_types failed: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto done;
 	}
 
@@ -5218,7 +5219,8 @@ struct btf *btf__load_vmlinux_btf(void)
 		btf = btf__parse(sysfs_btf_path, NULL);
 		if (!btf) {
 			err = -errno;
-			pr_warn("failed to read kernel BTF from '%s': %d\n", sysfs_btf_path, err);
+			pr_warn("failed to read kernel BTF from '%s': %s\n",
+				sysfs_btf_path, errstr(err));
 			return libbpf_err_ptr(err);
 		}
 		pr_debug("loaded kernel BTF from '%s'\n", sysfs_btf_path);
@@ -5235,7 +5237,7 @@ struct btf *btf__load_vmlinux_btf(void)
 
 		btf = btf__parse(path, NULL);
 		err = libbpf_get_error(btf);
-		pr_debug("loading kernel BTF '%s': %d\n", path, err);
+		pr_debug("loading kernel BTF '%s': %s\n", path, errstr(err));
 		if (err)
 			continue;
 
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/btf_dump.c b/tools/lib/bpf/btf_dump.c
index 468392f9882d..a3fc6908f6c9 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/btf_dump.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/btf_dump.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "hashmap.h"
 #include "libbpf.h"
 #include "libbpf_internal.h"
+#include "str_error.h"
 
 static const char PREFIXES[] = "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t";
 static const size_t PREFIX_CNT = sizeof(PREFIXES) - 1;
@@ -1304,7 +1305,7 @@ static void btf_dump_emit_type_decl(struct btf_dump *d, __u32 id,
 			 * chain, restore stack, emit warning, and try to
 			 * proceed nevertheless
 			 */
-			pr_warn("not enough memory for decl stack: %d\n", err);
+			pr_warn("not enough memory for decl stack: %s\n", errstr(err));
 			d->decl_stack_cnt = stack_start;
 			return;
 		}
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/elf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/elf.c
index b5ab1cb13e5e..823f83ad819c 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/elf.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/elf.c
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 
 int elf_open(const char *binary_path, struct elf_fd *elf_fd)
 {
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	int fd, ret;
 	Elf *elf;
 
@@ -38,8 +37,7 @@ int elf_open(const char *binary_path, struct elf_fd *elf_fd)
 	fd = open(binary_path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
 	if (fd < 0) {
 		ret = -errno;
-		pr_warn("elf: failed to open %s: %s\n", binary_path,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(ret, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+		pr_warn("elf: failed to open %s: %s\n", binary_path, errstr(ret));
 		return ret;
 	}
 	elf = elf_begin(fd, ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/features.c b/tools/lib/bpf/features.c
index 50befe125ddc..760657f5224c 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/features.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/features.c
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ static int probe_kern_prog_name(int token_fd)
 
 static int probe_kern_global_data(int token_fd)
 {
-	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct bpf_insn insns[] = {
 		BPF_LD_MAP_VALUE(BPF_REG_1, 0, 16),
 		BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_1, 0, 42),
@@ -67,9 +66,8 @@ static int probe_kern_global_data(int token_fd)
 	map = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, "libbpf_global", sizeof(int), 32, 1, &map_opts);
 	if (map < 0) {
 		ret = -errno;
-		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(ret, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-		pr_warn("Error in %s():%s(%d). Couldn't create simple array map.\n",
-			__func__, cp, -ret);
+		pr_warn("Error in %s(): %s. Couldn't create simple array map.\n",
+			__func__, errstr(ret));
 		return ret;
 	}
 
@@ -267,7 +265,6 @@ static int probe_kern_probe_read_kernel(int token_fd)
 
 static int probe_prog_bind_map(int token_fd)
 {
-	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct bpf_insn insns[] = {
 		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0),
 		BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
@@ -285,9 +282,8 @@ static int probe_prog_bind_map(int token_fd)
 	map = bpf_map_create(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, "libbpf_det_bind", sizeof(int), 32, 1, &map_opts);
 	if (map < 0) {
 		ret = -errno;
-		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(ret, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-		pr_warn("Error in %s():%s(%d). Couldn't create simple array map.\n",
-			__func__, cp, -ret);
+		pr_warn("Error in %s(): %s. Couldn't create simple array map.\n",
+			__func__, errstr(ret));
 		return ret;
 	}
 
@@ -604,7 +600,8 @@ bool feat_supported(struct kern_feature_cache *cache, enum kern_feature_id feat_
 		} else if (ret == 0) {
 			WRITE_ONCE(cache->res[feat_id], FEAT_MISSING);
 		} else {
-			pr_warn("Detection of kernel %s support failed: %d\n", feat->desc, ret);
+			pr_warn("Detection of kernel %s support failed: %s\n",
+				feat->desc, errstr(ret));
 			WRITE_ONCE(cache->res[feat_id], FEAT_MISSING);
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/gen_loader.c b/tools/lib/bpf/gen_loader.c
index 8a2b0f62d91d..113ae4abd345 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/gen_loader.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/gen_loader.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "bpf_gen_internal.h"
 #include "skel_internal.h"
 #include <asm/byteorder.h>
+#include "str_error.h"
 
 #define MAX_USED_MAPS	64
 #define MAX_USED_PROGS	32
@@ -393,7 +394,7 @@ int bpf_gen__finish(struct bpf_gen *gen, int nr_progs, int nr_maps)
 			      blob_fd_array_off(gen, i));
 	emit(gen, BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0));
 	emit(gen, BPF_EXIT_INSN());
-	pr_debug("gen: finish %d\n", gen->error);
+	pr_debug("gen: finish %s\n", errstr(gen->error));
 	if (!gen->error) {
 		struct gen_loader_opts *opts = gen->opts;
 
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
index a2bc5bea7ea3..07d5de81dd38 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
@@ -1551,11 +1551,8 @@ static int bpf_object__elf_init(struct bpf_object *obj)
 	} else {
 		obj->efile.fd = open(obj->path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
 		if (obj->efile.fd < 0) {
-			char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE], *cp;
-
 			err = -errno;
-			cp = libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-			pr_warn("elf: failed to open %s: %s\n", obj->path, cp);
+			pr_warn("elf: failed to open %s: %s\n", obj->path, errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 
@@ -1961,8 +1958,7 @@ bpf_object__init_internal_map(struct bpf_object *obj, enum libbpf_map_type type,
 	if (map->mmaped == MAP_FAILED) {
 		err = -errno;
 		map->mmaped = NULL;
-		pr_warn("failed to alloc map '%s' content buffer: %d\n",
-			map->name, err);
+		pr_warn("failed to alloc map '%s' content buffer: %s\n", map->name, errstr(err));
 		zfree(&map->real_name);
 		zfree(&map->name);
 		return err;
@@ -2126,7 +2122,7 @@ static int parse_u64(const char *value, __u64 *res)
 	*res = strtoull(value, &value_end, 0);
 	if (errno) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("failed to parse '%s' as integer: %d\n", value, err);
+		pr_warn("failed to parse '%s': %s\n", value, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 	if (*value_end) {
@@ -2292,8 +2288,8 @@ static int bpf_object__read_kconfig_file(struct bpf_object *obj, void *data)
 	while (gzgets(file, buf, sizeof(buf))) {
 		err = bpf_object__process_kconfig_line(obj, buf, data);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("error parsing system Kconfig line '%s': %d\n",
-				buf, err);
+			pr_warn("error parsing system Kconfig line '%s': %s\n",
+				buf, errstr(err));
 			goto out;
 		}
 	}
@@ -2313,15 +2309,15 @@ static int bpf_object__read_kconfig_mem(struct bpf_object *obj,
 	file = fmemopen((void *)config, strlen(config), "r");
 	if (!file) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("failed to open in-memory Kconfig: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("failed to open in-memory Kconfig: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
 	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), file)) {
 		err = bpf_object__process_kconfig_line(obj, buf, data);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("error parsing in-memory Kconfig line '%s': %d\n",
-				buf, err);
+			pr_warn("error parsing in-memory Kconfig line '%s': %s\n",
+				buf, errstr(err));
 			break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -3236,7 +3232,7 @@ static int bpf_object__init_btf(struct bpf_object *obj,
 		err = libbpf_get_error(obj->btf);
 		if (err) {
 			obj->btf = NULL;
-			pr_warn("Error loading ELF section %s: %d.\n", BTF_ELF_SEC, err);
+			pr_warn("Error loading ELF section %s: %s.\n", BTF_ELF_SEC, errstr(err));
 			goto out;
 		}
 		/* enforce 8-byte pointers for BPF-targeted BTFs */
@@ -3254,8 +3250,8 @@ static int bpf_object__init_btf(struct bpf_object *obj,
 		obj->btf_ext = btf_ext__new(btf_ext_data->d_buf, btf_ext_data->d_size);
 		err = libbpf_get_error(obj->btf_ext);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("Error loading ELF section %s: %d. Ignored and continue.\n",
-				BTF_EXT_ELF_SEC, err);
+			pr_warn("Error loading ELF section %s: %s. Ignored and continue.\n",
+				BTF_EXT_ELF_SEC, errstr(err));
 			obj->btf_ext = NULL;
 			goto out;
 		}
@@ -3347,8 +3343,8 @@ static int btf_fixup_datasec(struct bpf_object *obj, struct btf *btf,
 	if (t->size == 0) {
 		err = find_elf_sec_sz(obj, sec_name, &size);
 		if (err || !size) {
-			pr_debug("sec '%s': failed to determine size from ELF: size %u, err %d\n",
-				 sec_name, size, err);
+			pr_debug("sec '%s': failed to determine size from ELF: size %u, err %s\n",
+				 sec_name, size, errstr(err));
 			return -ENOENT;
 		}
 
@@ -3502,7 +3498,7 @@ static int bpf_object__load_vmlinux_btf(struct bpf_object *obj, bool force)
 	obj->btf_vmlinux = btf__load_vmlinux_btf();
 	err = libbpf_get_error(obj->btf_vmlinux);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("Error loading vmlinux BTF: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("Error loading vmlinux BTF: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		obj->btf_vmlinux = NULL;
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -3606,9 +3602,11 @@ report:
 	if (err) {
 		btf_mandatory = kernel_needs_btf(obj);
 		if (btf_mandatory) {
-			pr_warn("Error loading .BTF into kernel: %d. BTF is mandatory, can't proceed.\n", err);
+			pr_warn("Error loading .BTF into kernel: %s. BTF is mandatory, can't proceed.\n",
+				errstr(err));
 		} else {
-			pr_info("Error loading .BTF into kernel: %d. BTF is optional, ignoring.\n", err);
+			pr_info("Error loading .BTF into kernel: %s. BTF is optional, ignoring.\n",
+				errstr(err));
 			err = 0;
 		}
 	}
@@ -4812,8 +4810,8 @@ static int bpf_get_map_info_from_fdinfo(int fd, struct bpf_map_info *info)
 	fp = fopen(file, "re");
 	if (!fp) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("failed to open %s: %d. No procfs support?\n", file,
-			err);
+		pr_warn("failed to open %s: %s. No procfs support?\n", file,
+			errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -4968,8 +4966,8 @@ static int bpf_object_prepare_token(struct bpf_object *obj)
 	bpffs_fd = open(bpffs_path, O_DIRECTORY, O_RDWR);
 	if (bpffs_fd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
-		__pr(level, "object '%s': failed (%d) to open BPF FS mount at '%s'%s\n",
-		     obj->name, err, bpffs_path,
+		__pr(level, "object '%s': failed (%s) to open BPF FS mount at '%s'%s\n",
+		     obj->name, errstr(err), bpffs_path,
 		     mandatory ? "" : ", skipping optional step...");
 		return mandatory ? err : 0;
 	}
@@ -5003,7 +5001,6 @@ static int bpf_object_prepare_token(struct bpf_object *obj)
 static int
 bpf_object__probe_loading(struct bpf_object *obj)
 {
-	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct bpf_insn insns[] = {
 		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0),
 		BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
@@ -5019,7 +5016,8 @@ bpf_object__probe_loading(struct bpf_object *obj)
 
 	ret = bump_rlimit_memlock();
 	if (ret)
-		pr_warn("Failed to bump RLIMIT_MEMLOCK (err = %d), you might need to do it explicitly!\n", ret);
+		pr_warn("Failed to bump RLIMIT_MEMLOCK (err = %s), you might need to do it explicitly!\n",
+			errstr(ret));
 
 	/* make sure basic loading works */
 	ret = bpf_prog_load(BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER, NULL, "GPL", insns, insn_cnt, &opts);
@@ -5027,11 +5025,8 @@ bpf_object__probe_loading(struct bpf_object *obj)
 		ret = bpf_prog_load(BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT, NULL, "GPL", insns, insn_cnt, &opts);
 	if (ret < 0) {
 		ret = errno;
-		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(ret, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-		pr_warn("Error in %s():%s(%d). Couldn't load trivial BPF "
-			"program. Make sure your kernel supports BPF "
-			"(CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL=y) and/or that RLIMIT_MEMLOCK is "
-			"set to big enough value.\n", __func__, cp, ret);
+		pr_warn("Error in %s(): %s. Couldn't load trivial BPF program. Make sure your kernel supports BPF (CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL=y) and/or that RLIMIT_MEMLOCK is set to big enough value.\n",
+			__func__, errstr(ret));
 		return -ret;
 	}
 	close(ret);
@@ -5056,7 +5051,6 @@ bool kernel_supports(const struct bpf_object *obj, enum kern_feature_id feat_id)
 static bool map_is_reuse_compat(const struct bpf_map *map, int map_fd)
 {
 	struct bpf_map_info map_info;
-	char msg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	__u32 map_info_len = sizeof(map_info);
 	int err;
 
@@ -5066,7 +5060,7 @@ static bool map_is_reuse_compat(const struct bpf_map *map, int map_fd)
 		err = bpf_get_map_info_from_fdinfo(map_fd, &map_info);
 	if (err) {
 		pr_warn("failed to get map info for map FD %d: %s\n", map_fd,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(errno, msg, sizeof(msg)));
+			errstr(err));
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -5081,7 +5075,6 @@ static bool map_is_reuse_compat(const struct bpf_map *map, int map_fd)
 static int
 bpf_object__reuse_map(struct bpf_map *map)
 {
-	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	int err, pin_fd;
 
 	pin_fd = bpf_obj_get(map->pin_path);
@@ -5093,9 +5086,8 @@ bpf_object__reuse_map(struct bpf_map *map)
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(-err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
 		pr_warn("couldn't retrieve pinned map '%s': %s\n",
-			map->pin_path, cp);
+			map->pin_path, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -5121,7 +5113,6 @@ static int
 bpf_object__populate_internal_map(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_map *map)
 {
 	enum libbpf_map_type map_type = map->libbpf_type;
-	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	int err, zero = 0;
 	size_t mmap_sz;
 
@@ -5136,9 +5127,8 @@ bpf_object__populate_internal_map(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_map *map)
 	err = bpf_map_update_elem(map->fd, &zero, map->mmaped, 0);
 	if (err) {
 		err = -errno;
-		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
 		pr_warn("map '%s': failed to set initial contents: %s\n",
-			bpf_map__name(map), cp);
+			bpf_map__name(map), errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -5147,9 +5137,8 @@ bpf_object__populate_internal_map(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_map *map)
 		err = bpf_map_freeze(map->fd);
 		if (err) {
 			err = -errno;
-			cp = libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
 			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to freeze as read-only: %s\n",
-				bpf_map__name(map), cp);
+				bpf_map__name(map), errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 	}
@@ -5175,8 +5164,8 @@ bpf_object__populate_internal_map(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_map *map)
 		mmaped = mmap(map->mmaped, mmap_sz, prot, MAP_SHARED | MAP_FIXED, map->fd, 0);
 		if (mmaped == MAP_FAILED) {
 			err = -errno;
-			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to re-mmap() contents: %d\n",
-				bpf_map__name(map), err);
+			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to re-mmap() contents: %s\n",
+				bpf_map__name(map), errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 		map->mmaped = mmaped;
@@ -5233,8 +5222,8 @@ static int bpf_object__create_map(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_map *map, b
 				return err;
 			err = bpf_object__create_map(obj, map->inner_map, true);
 			if (err) {
-				pr_warn("map '%s': failed to create inner map: %d\n",
-					map->name, err);
+				pr_warn("map '%s': failed to create inner map: %s\n",
+					map->name, errstr(err));
 				return err;
 			}
 			map->inner_map_fd = map->inner_map->fd;
@@ -5288,12 +5277,9 @@ static int bpf_object__create_map(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_map *map, b
 					def->max_entries, &create_attr);
 	}
 	if (map_fd < 0 && (create_attr.btf_key_type_id || create_attr.btf_value_type_id)) {
-		char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
-
 		err = -errno;
-		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-		pr_warn("Error in bpf_create_map_xattr(%s):%s(%d). Retrying without BTF.\n",
-			map->name, cp, err);
+		pr_warn("Error in bpf_create_map_xattr(%s): %s. Retrying without BTF.\n",
+			map->name, errstr(err));
 		create_attr.btf_fd = 0;
 		create_attr.btf_key_type_id = 0;
 		create_attr.btf_value_type_id = 0;
@@ -5348,8 +5334,8 @@ static int init_map_in_map_slots(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_map *map)
 		}
 		if (err) {
 			err = -errno;
-			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to initialize slot [%d] to map '%s' fd=%d: %d\n",
-				map->name, i, targ_map->name, fd, err);
+			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to initialize slot [%d] to map '%s' fd=%d: %s\n",
+				map->name, i, targ_map->name, fd, errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 		pr_debug("map '%s': slot [%d] set to map '%s' fd=%d\n",
@@ -5381,8 +5367,8 @@ static int init_prog_array_slots(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_map *map)
 		err = bpf_map_update_elem(map->fd, &i, &fd, 0);
 		if (err) {
 			err = -errno;
-			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to initialize slot [%d] to prog '%s' fd=%d: %d\n",
-				map->name, i, targ_prog->name, fd, err);
+			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to initialize slot [%d] to prog '%s' fd=%d: %s\n",
+				map->name, i, targ_prog->name, fd, errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 		pr_debug("map '%s': slot [%d] set to prog '%s' fd=%d\n",
@@ -5435,7 +5421,6 @@ static int
 bpf_object__create_maps(struct bpf_object *obj)
 {
 	struct bpf_map *map;
-	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	unsigned int i, j;
 	int err;
 	bool retried;
@@ -5509,8 +5494,8 @@ retry:
 				if (map->mmaped == MAP_FAILED) {
 					err = -errno;
 					map->mmaped = NULL;
-					pr_warn("map '%s': failed to mmap arena: %d\n",
-						map->name, err);
+					pr_warn("map '%s': failed to mmap arena: %s\n",
+						map->name, errstr(err));
 					return err;
 				}
 				if (obj->arena_data) {
@@ -5532,8 +5517,8 @@ retry:
 					retried = true;
 					goto retry;
 				}
-				pr_warn("map '%s': failed to auto-pin at '%s': %d\n",
-					map->name, map->pin_path, err);
+				pr_warn("map '%s': failed to auto-pin at '%s': %s\n",
+					map->name, map->pin_path, errstr(err));
 				goto err_out;
 			}
 		}
@@ -5542,8 +5527,7 @@ retry:
 	return 0;
 
 err_out:
-	cp = libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-	pr_warn("map '%s': failed to create: %s(%d)\n", map->name, cp, err);
+	pr_warn("map '%s': failed to create: %s\n", map->name, errstr(err));
 	pr_perm_msg(err);
 	for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
 		zclose(obj->maps[j].fd);
@@ -5667,7 +5651,7 @@ static int load_module_btfs(struct bpf_object *obj)
 		}
 		if (err) {
 			err = -errno;
-			pr_warn("failed to iterate BTF objects: %d\n", err);
+			pr_warn("failed to iterate BTF objects: %s\n", errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 
@@ -5676,7 +5660,7 @@ static int load_module_btfs(struct bpf_object *obj)
 			if (errno == ENOENT)
 				continue; /* expected race: BTF was unloaded */
 			err = -errno;
-			pr_warn("failed to get BTF object #%d FD: %d\n", id, err);
+			pr_warn("failed to get BTF object #%d FD: %s\n", id, errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 
@@ -5688,7 +5672,7 @@ static int load_module_btfs(struct bpf_object *obj)
 		err = bpf_btf_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &len);
 		if (err) {
 			err = -errno;
-			pr_warn("failed to get BTF object #%d info: %d\n", id, err);
+			pr_warn("failed to get BTF object #%d info: %s\n", id, errstr(err));
 			goto err_out;
 		}
 
@@ -5701,8 +5685,8 @@ static int load_module_btfs(struct bpf_object *obj)
 		btf = btf_get_from_fd(fd, obj->btf_vmlinux);
 		err = libbpf_get_error(btf);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("failed to load module [%s]'s BTF object #%d: %d\n",
-				name, id, err);
+			pr_warn("failed to load module [%s]'s BTF object #%d: %s\n",
+				name, id, errstr(err));
 			goto err_out;
 		}
 
@@ -5931,7 +5915,7 @@ bpf_object__relocate_core(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *targ_btf_path)
 		obj->btf_vmlinux_override = btf__parse(targ_btf_path, NULL);
 		err = libbpf_get_error(obj->btf_vmlinux_override);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("failed to parse target BTF: %d\n", err);
+			pr_warn("failed to parse target BTF: %s\n", errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 	}
@@ -5991,8 +5975,8 @@ bpf_object__relocate_core(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *targ_btf_path)
 
 			err = record_relo_core(prog, rec, insn_idx);
 			if (err) {
-				pr_warn("prog '%s': relo #%d: failed to record relocation: %d\n",
-					prog->name, i, err);
+				pr_warn("prog '%s': relo #%d: failed to record relocation: %s\n",
+					prog->name, i, errstr(err));
 				goto out;
 			}
 
@@ -6001,15 +5985,15 @@ bpf_object__relocate_core(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *targ_btf_path)
 
 			err = bpf_core_resolve_relo(prog, rec, i, obj->btf, cand_cache, &targ_res);
 			if (err) {
-				pr_warn("prog '%s': relo #%d: failed to relocate: %d\n",
-					prog->name, i, err);
+				pr_warn("prog '%s': relo #%d: failed to relocate: %s\n",
+					prog->name, i, errstr(err));
 				goto out;
 			}
 
 			err = bpf_core_patch_insn(prog->name, insn, insn_idx, rec, i, &targ_res);
 			if (err) {
-				pr_warn("prog '%s': relo #%d: failed to patch insn #%u: %d\n",
-					prog->name, i, insn_idx, err);
+				pr_warn("prog '%s': relo #%d: failed to patch insn #%u: %s\n",
+					prog->name, i, insn_idx, errstr(err));
 				goto out;
 			}
 		}
@@ -6277,8 +6261,8 @@ reloc_prog_func_and_line_info(const struct bpf_object *obj,
 				       &main_prog->func_info_rec_size);
 	if (err) {
 		if (err != -ENOENT) {
-			pr_warn("prog '%s': error relocating .BTF.ext function info: %d\n",
-				prog->name, err);
+			pr_warn("prog '%s': error relocating .BTF.ext function info: %s\n",
+				prog->name, errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 		if (main_prog->func_info) {
@@ -6305,8 +6289,8 @@ line_info:
 				       &main_prog->line_info_rec_size);
 	if (err) {
 		if (err != -ENOENT) {
-			pr_warn("prog '%s': error relocating .BTF.ext line info: %d\n",
-				prog->name, err);
+			pr_warn("prog '%s': error relocating .BTF.ext line info: %s\n",
+				prog->name, errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 		if (main_prog->line_info) {
@@ -7070,8 +7054,8 @@ static int bpf_object__relocate(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *targ_btf_pat
 	if (obj->btf_ext) {
 		err = bpf_object__relocate_core(obj, targ_btf_path);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("failed to perform CO-RE relocations: %d\n",
-				err);
+			pr_warn("failed to perform CO-RE relocations: %s\n",
+				errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 		bpf_object__sort_relos(obj);
@@ -7115,8 +7099,8 @@ static int bpf_object__relocate(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *targ_btf_pat
 
 		err = bpf_object__relocate_calls(obj, prog);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to relocate calls: %d\n",
-				prog->name, err);
+			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to relocate calls: %s\n",
+				prog->name, errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 
@@ -7152,16 +7136,16 @@ static int bpf_object__relocate(struct bpf_object *obj, const char *targ_btf_pat
 		/* Process data relos for main programs */
 		err = bpf_object__relocate_data(obj, prog);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to relocate data references: %d\n",
-				prog->name, err);
+			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to relocate data references: %s\n",
+				prog->name, errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 
 		/* Fix up .BTF.ext information, if necessary */
 		err = bpf_program_fixup_func_info(obj, prog);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to perform .BTF.ext fix ups: %d\n",
-				prog->name, err);
+			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to perform .BTF.ext fix ups: %s\n",
+				prog->name, errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 	}
@@ -7470,7 +7454,6 @@ static int bpf_object_load_prog(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_program *prog
 {
 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_load_opts, load_attr);
 	const char *prog_name = NULL;
-	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	size_t log_buf_size = 0;
 	char *log_buf = NULL, *tmp;
 	bool own_log_buf = true;
@@ -7534,8 +7517,8 @@ static int bpf_object_load_prog(struct bpf_object *obj, struct bpf_program *prog
 	if (prog->sec_def && prog->sec_def->prog_prepare_load_fn) {
 		err = prog->sec_def->prog_prepare_load_fn(prog, &load_attr, prog->sec_def->cookie);
 		if (err < 0) {
-			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to prepare load attributes: %d\n",
-				prog->name, err);
+			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to prepare load attributes: %s\n",
+				prog->name, errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 		insns = prog->insns;
@@ -7599,9 +7582,8 @@ retry_load:
 					continue;
 
 				if (bpf_prog_bind_map(ret, map->fd, NULL)) {
-					cp = libbpf_strerror_r(errno, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
 					pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to bind map '%s': %s\n",
-						prog->name, map->real_name, cp);
+						prog->name, map->real_name, errstr(errno));
 					/* Don't fail hard if can't bind rodata. */
 				}
 			}
@@ -7631,8 +7613,7 @@ retry_load:
 	/* post-process verifier log to improve error descriptions */
 	fixup_verifier_log(prog, log_buf, log_buf_size);
 
-	cp = libbpf_strerror_r(errno, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-	pr_warn("prog '%s': BPF program load failed: %s\n", prog->name, cp);
+	pr_warn("prog '%s': BPF program load failed: %s\n", prog->name, errstr(errno));
 	pr_perm_msg(ret);
 
 	if (own_log_buf && log_buf && log_buf[0] != '\0') {
@@ -7925,7 +7906,7 @@ bpf_object__load_progs(struct bpf_object *obj, int log_level)
 		err = bpf_object_load_prog(obj, prog, prog->insns, prog->insns_cnt,
 					   obj->license, obj->kern_version, &prog->fd);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to load: %d\n", prog->name, err);
+			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to load: %s\n", prog->name, errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 	}
@@ -7959,8 +7940,8 @@ static int bpf_object_init_progs(struct bpf_object *obj, const struct bpf_object
 		if (prog->sec_def->prog_setup_fn) {
 			err = prog->sec_def->prog_setup_fn(prog, prog->sec_def->cookie);
 			if (err < 0) {
-				pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to initialize: %d\n",
-					prog->name, err);
+				pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to initialize: %s\n",
+					prog->name, errstr(err));
 				return err;
 			}
 		}
@@ -8149,7 +8130,7 @@ static int libbpf_kallsyms_parse(kallsyms_cb_t cb, void *ctx)
 	f = fopen("/proc/kallsyms", "re");
 	if (!f) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("failed to open /proc/kallsyms: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("failed to open /proc/kallsyms: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -8633,7 +8614,6 @@ int bpf_object__load(struct bpf_object *obj)
 
 static int make_parent_dir(const char *path)
 {
-	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	char *dname, *dir;
 	int err = 0;
 
@@ -8647,15 +8627,13 @@ static int make_parent_dir(const char *path)
 
 	free(dname);
 	if (err) {
-		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(-err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-		pr_warn("failed to mkdir %s: %s\n", path, cp);
+		pr_warn("failed to mkdir %s: %s\n", path, errstr(err));
 	}
 	return err;
 }
 
 static int check_path(const char *path)
 {
-	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct statfs st_fs;
 	char *dname, *dir;
 	int err = 0;
@@ -8669,8 +8647,7 @@ static int check_path(const char *path)
 
 	dir = dirname(dname);
 	if (statfs(dir, &st_fs)) {
-		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(errno, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-		pr_warn("failed to statfs %s: %s\n", dir, cp);
+		pr_warn("failed to statfs %s: %s\n", dir, errstr(errno));
 		err = -errno;
 	}
 	free(dname);
@@ -8685,7 +8662,6 @@ static int check_path(const char *path)
 
 int bpf_program__pin(struct bpf_program *prog, const char *path)
 {
-	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	int err;
 
 	if (prog->fd < 0) {
@@ -8703,8 +8679,7 @@ int bpf_program__pin(struct bpf_program *prog, const char *path)
 
 	if (bpf_obj_pin(prog->fd, path)) {
 		err = -errno;
-		cp = libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to pin at '%s': %s\n", prog->name, path, cp);
+		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to pin at '%s': %s\n", prog->name, path, errstr(err));
 		return libbpf_err(err);
 	}
 
@@ -8735,7 +8710,6 @@ int bpf_program__unpin(struct bpf_program *prog, const char *path)
 
 int bpf_map__pin(struct bpf_map *map, const char *path)
 {
-	char *cp, errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	int err;
 
 	if (map == NULL) {
@@ -8794,8 +8768,7 @@ int bpf_map__pin(struct bpf_map *map, const char *path)
 	return 0;
 
 out_err:
-	cp = libbpf_strerror_r(-err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
-	pr_warn("failed to pin map: %s\n", cp);
+	pr_warn("failed to pin map: %s\n", errstr(err));
 	return libbpf_err(err);
 }
 
@@ -9984,8 +9957,8 @@ static int libbpf_find_prog_btf_id(const char *name, __u32 attach_prog_fd)
 	memset(&info, 0, info_len);
 	err = bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd(attach_prog_fd, &info, &info_len);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("failed bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd for FD %d: %d\n",
-			attach_prog_fd, err);
+		pr_warn("failed bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd for FD %d: %s\n",
+			attach_prog_fd, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -9997,7 +9970,7 @@ static int libbpf_find_prog_btf_id(const char *name, __u32 attach_prog_fd)
 	btf = btf__load_from_kernel_by_id(info.btf_id);
 	err = libbpf_get_error(btf);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("Failed to get BTF %d of the program: %d\n", info.btf_id, err);
+		pr_warn("Failed to get BTF %d of the program: %s\n", info.btf_id, errstr(err));
 		goto out;
 	}
 	err = btf__find_by_name_kind(btf, name, BTF_KIND_FUNC);
@@ -10079,8 +10052,8 @@ static int libbpf_find_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_program *prog, const char *attac
 		}
 		err = libbpf_find_prog_btf_id(attach_name, attach_prog_fd);
 		if (err < 0) {
-			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to find BPF program (FD %d) BTF ID for '%s': %d\n",
-				 prog->name, attach_prog_fd, attach_name, err);
+			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to find BPF program (FD %d) BTF ID for '%s': %s\n",
+				prog->name, attach_prog_fd, attach_name, errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 		*btf_obj_fd = 0;
@@ -10099,8 +10072,8 @@ static int libbpf_find_attach_btf_id(struct bpf_program *prog, const char *attac
 					 btf_type_id);
 	}
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to find kernel BTF type ID of '%s': %d\n",
-			prog->name, attach_name, err);
+		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to find kernel BTF type ID of '%s': %s\n",
+			prog->name, attach_name, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -10328,14 +10301,14 @@ int bpf_map__set_value_size(struct bpf_map *map, __u32 size)
 		mmap_new_sz = array_map_mmap_sz(size, map->def.max_entries);
 		err = bpf_map_mmap_resize(map, mmap_old_sz, mmap_new_sz);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to resize memory-mapped region: %d\n",
-				bpf_map__name(map), err);
+			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to resize memory-mapped region: %s\n",
+				bpf_map__name(map), errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 		err = map_btf_datasec_resize(map, size);
 		if (err && err != -ENOENT) {
-			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to adjust resized BTF, clearing BTF key/value info: %d\n",
-				bpf_map__name(map), err);
+			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to adjust resized BTF, clearing BTF key/value info: %s\n",
+				bpf_map__name(map), errstr(err));
 			map->btf_value_type_id = 0;
 			map->btf_key_type_id = 0;
 		}
@@ -10826,7 +10799,6 @@ static void bpf_link_perf_dealloc(struct bpf_link *link)
 struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_perf_event_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog, int pfd,
 						     const struct bpf_perf_event_opts *opts)
 {
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct bpf_link_perf *link;
 	int prog_fd, link_fd = -1, err;
 	bool force_ioctl_attach;
@@ -10861,9 +10833,8 @@ struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_perf_event_opts(const struct bpf_program *p
 		link_fd = bpf_link_create(prog_fd, pfd, BPF_PERF_EVENT, &link_opts);
 		if (link_fd < 0) {
 			err = -errno;
-			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to create BPF link for perf_event FD %d: %d (%s)\n",
-				prog->name, pfd,
-				err, libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to create BPF link for perf_event FD %d: %s\n",
+				prog->name, pfd, errstr(err));
 			goto err_out;
 		}
 		link->link.fd = link_fd;
@@ -10877,7 +10848,7 @@ struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_perf_event_opts(const struct bpf_program *p
 		if (ioctl(pfd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF, prog_fd) < 0) {
 			err = -errno;
 			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to attach to perf_event FD %d: %s\n",
-				prog->name, pfd, libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+				prog->name, pfd, errstr(err));
 			if (err == -EPROTO)
 				pr_warn("prog '%s': try add PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN to or remove exclude_callchain_[kernel|user] from pfd %d\n",
 					prog->name, pfd);
@@ -10888,7 +10859,7 @@ struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_perf_event_opts(const struct bpf_program *p
 	if (ioctl(pfd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0) < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to enable perf_event FD %d: %s\n",
-			prog->name, pfd, libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			prog->name, pfd, errstr(err));
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 
@@ -10912,22 +10883,19 @@ struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_perf_event(const struct bpf_program *prog,
  */
 static int parse_uint_from_file(const char *file, const char *fmt)
 {
-	char buf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	int err, ret;
 	FILE *f;
 
 	f = fopen(file, "re");
 	if (!f) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_debug("failed to open '%s': %s\n", file,
-			 libbpf_strerror_r(err, buf, sizeof(buf)));
+		pr_debug("failed to open '%s': %s\n", file, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 	err = fscanf(f, fmt, &ret);
 	if (err != 1) {
 		err = err == EOF ? -EIO : -errno;
-		pr_debug("failed to parse '%s': %s\n", file,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(err, buf, sizeof(buf)));
+		pr_debug("failed to parse '%s': %s\n", file, errstr(err));
 		fclose(f);
 		return err;
 	}
@@ -10971,7 +10939,6 @@ static int perf_event_open_probe(bool uprobe, bool retprobe, const char *name,
 {
 	const size_t attr_sz = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);
 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	int type, pfd;
 
 	if ((__u64)ref_ctr_off >= (1ULL << PERF_UPROBE_REF_CTR_OFFSET_BITS))
@@ -10984,7 +10951,7 @@ static int perf_event_open_probe(bool uprobe, bool retprobe, const char *name,
 	if (type < 0) {
 		pr_warn("failed to determine %s perf type: %s\n",
 			uprobe ? "uprobe" : "kprobe",
-			libbpf_strerror_r(type, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(type));
 		return type;
 	}
 	if (retprobe) {
@@ -10994,7 +10961,7 @@ static int perf_event_open_probe(bool uprobe, bool retprobe, const char *name,
 		if (bit < 0) {
 			pr_warn("failed to determine %s retprobe bit: %s\n",
 				uprobe ? "uprobe" : "kprobe",
-				libbpf_strerror_r(bit, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+				errstr(bit));
 			return bit;
 		}
 		attr.config |= 1 << bit;
@@ -11123,14 +11090,13 @@ static int perf_event_kprobe_open_legacy(const char *probe_name, bool retprobe,
 {
 	const size_t attr_sz = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);
 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	int type, pfd, err;
 
 	err = add_kprobe_event_legacy(probe_name, retprobe, kfunc_name, offset);
 	if (err < 0) {
 		pr_warn("failed to add legacy kprobe event for '%s+0x%zx': %s\n",
 			kfunc_name, offset,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 	type = determine_kprobe_perf_type_legacy(probe_name, retprobe);
@@ -11138,7 +11104,7 @@ static int perf_event_kprobe_open_legacy(const char *probe_name, bool retprobe,
 		err = type;
 		pr_warn("failed to determine legacy kprobe event id for '%s+0x%zx': %s\n",
 			kfunc_name, offset,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(err));
 		goto err_clean_legacy;
 	}
 
@@ -11154,7 +11120,7 @@ static int perf_event_kprobe_open_legacy(const char *probe_name, bool retprobe,
 	if (pfd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
 		pr_warn("legacy kprobe perf_event_open() failed: %s\n",
-			libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(err));
 		goto err_clean_legacy;
 	}
 	return pfd;
@@ -11230,7 +11196,6 @@ bpf_program__attach_kprobe_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 {
 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_perf_event_opts, pe_opts);
 	enum probe_attach_mode attach_mode;
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	char *legacy_probe = NULL;
 	struct bpf_link *link;
 	size_t offset;
@@ -11288,7 +11253,7 @@ bpf_program__attach_kprobe_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to create %s '%s+0x%zx' perf event: %s\n",
 			prog->name, retprobe ? "kretprobe" : "kprobe",
 			func_name, offset,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(err));
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 	link = bpf_program__attach_perf_event_opts(prog, pfd, &pe_opts);
@@ -11298,7 +11263,7 @@ bpf_program__attach_kprobe_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to attach to %s '%s+0x%zx': %s\n",
 			prog->name, retprobe ? "kretprobe" : "kprobe",
 			func_name, offset,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(err));
 		goto err_clean_legacy;
 	}
 	if (legacy) {
@@ -11434,7 +11399,7 @@ static int libbpf_available_kallsyms_parse(struct kprobe_multi_resolve *res)
 	f = fopen(available_functions_file, "re");
 	if (!f) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("failed to open %s: %d\n", available_functions_file, err);
+		pr_warn("failed to open %s: %s\n", available_functions_file, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -11509,7 +11474,7 @@ static int libbpf_available_kprobes_parse(struct kprobe_multi_resolve *res)
 	f = fopen(available_path, "re");
 	if (!f) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("failed to open %s: %d\n", available_path, err);
+		pr_warn("failed to open %s: %s\n", available_path, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -11555,7 +11520,6 @@ bpf_program__attach_kprobe_multi_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 	};
 	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
 	struct bpf_link *link = NULL;
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	const unsigned long *addrs;
 	int err, link_fd, prog_fd;
 	bool retprobe, session;
@@ -11623,7 +11587,7 @@ bpf_program__attach_kprobe_multi_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 	if (link_fd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to attach: %s\n",
-			prog->name, libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			prog->name, errstr(err));
 		goto error;
 	}
 	link->fd = link_fd;
@@ -11832,15 +11796,15 @@ static int perf_event_uprobe_open_legacy(const char *probe_name, bool retprobe,
 
 	err = add_uprobe_event_legacy(probe_name, retprobe, binary_path, offset);
 	if (err < 0) {
-		pr_warn("failed to add legacy uprobe event for %s:0x%zx: %d\n",
-			binary_path, (size_t)offset, err);
+		pr_warn("failed to add legacy uprobe event for %s:0x%zx: %s\n",
+			binary_path, (size_t)offset, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 	type = determine_uprobe_perf_type_legacy(probe_name, retprobe);
 	if (type < 0) {
 		err = type;
-		pr_warn("failed to determine legacy uprobe event id for %s:0x%zx: %d\n",
-			binary_path, offset, err);
+		pr_warn("failed to determine legacy uprobe event id for %s:0x%zx: %s\n",
+			binary_path, offset, errstr(err));
 		goto err_clean_legacy;
 	}
 
@@ -11855,7 +11819,7 @@ static int perf_event_uprobe_open_legacy(const char *probe_name, bool retprobe,
 		      -1 /* group_fd */,  PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC);
 	if (pfd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("legacy uprobe perf_event_open() failed: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("legacy uprobe perf_event_open() failed: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto err_clean_legacy;
 	}
 	return pfd;
@@ -12021,7 +11985,6 @@ bpf_program__attach_uprobe_multi(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
 	int err = 0, link_fd, prog_fd;
 	struct bpf_link *link = NULL;
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	char full_path[PATH_MAX];
 	bool retprobe, session;
 	const __u64 *cookies;
@@ -12075,8 +12038,8 @@ bpf_program__attach_uprobe_multi(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 		if (!strchr(path, '/')) {
 			err = resolve_full_path(path, full_path, sizeof(full_path));
 			if (err) {
-				pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to resolve full path for '%s': %d\n",
-					prog->name, path, err);
+				pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to resolve full path for '%s': %s\n",
+					prog->name, path, errstr(err));
 				return libbpf_err_ptr(err);
 			}
 			path = full_path;
@@ -12125,7 +12088,7 @@ bpf_program__attach_uprobe_multi(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 	if (link_fd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to attach multi-uprobe: %s\n",
-			prog->name, libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			prog->name, errstr(err));
 		goto error;
 	}
 	link->fd = link_fd;
@@ -12144,7 +12107,7 @@ bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog, pid_t pid,
 				const struct bpf_uprobe_opts *opts)
 {
 	const char *archive_path = NULL, *archive_sep = NULL;
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE], *legacy_probe = NULL;
+	char *legacy_probe = NULL;
 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_perf_event_opts, pe_opts);
 	enum probe_attach_mode attach_mode;
 	char full_path[PATH_MAX];
@@ -12176,8 +12139,8 @@ bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog, pid_t pid,
 	} else if (!strchr(binary_path, '/')) {
 		err = resolve_full_path(binary_path, full_path, sizeof(full_path));
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to resolve full path for '%s': %d\n",
-				prog->name, binary_path, err);
+			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to resolve full path for '%s': %s\n",
+				prog->name, binary_path, errstr(err));
 			return libbpf_err_ptr(err);
 		}
 		binary_path = full_path;
@@ -12243,7 +12206,7 @@ bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog, pid_t pid,
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to create %s '%s:0x%zx' perf event: %s\n",
 			prog->name, retprobe ? "uretprobe" : "uprobe",
 			binary_path, func_offset,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(err));
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 
@@ -12254,7 +12217,7 @@ bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog, pid_t pid,
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to attach to %s '%s:0x%zx': %s\n",
 			prog->name, retprobe ? "uretprobe" : "uprobe",
 			binary_path, func_offset,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(err));
 		goto err_clean_legacy;
 	}
 	if (legacy) {
@@ -12375,8 +12338,8 @@ struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_usdt(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 	if (!strchr(binary_path, '/')) {
 		err = resolve_full_path(binary_path, resolved_path, sizeof(resolved_path));
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to resolve full path for '%s': %d\n",
-				prog->name, binary_path, err);
+			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to resolve full path for '%s': %s\n",
+				prog->name, binary_path, errstr(err));
 			return libbpf_err_ptr(err);
 		}
 		binary_path = resolved_path;
@@ -12454,14 +12417,13 @@ static int perf_event_open_tracepoint(const char *tp_category,
 {
 	const size_t attr_sz = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr);
 	struct perf_event_attr attr;
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	int tp_id, pfd, err;
 
 	tp_id = determine_tracepoint_id(tp_category, tp_name);
 	if (tp_id < 0) {
 		pr_warn("failed to determine tracepoint '%s/%s' perf event ID: %s\n",
 			tp_category, tp_name,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(tp_id, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(tp_id));
 		return tp_id;
 	}
 
@@ -12476,7 +12438,7 @@ static int perf_event_open_tracepoint(const char *tp_category,
 		err = -errno;
 		pr_warn("tracepoint '%s/%s' perf_event_open() failed: %s\n",
 			tp_category, tp_name,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 	return pfd;
@@ -12488,7 +12450,6 @@ struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_tracepoint_opts(const struct bpf_program *p
 						     const struct bpf_tracepoint_opts *opts)
 {
 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_perf_event_opts, pe_opts);
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct bpf_link *link;
 	int pfd, err;
 
@@ -12501,7 +12462,7 @@ struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_tracepoint_opts(const struct bpf_program *p
 	if (pfd < 0) {
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to create tracepoint '%s/%s' perf event: %s\n",
 			prog->name, tp_category, tp_name,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(pfd, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(pfd));
 		return libbpf_err_ptr(pfd);
 	}
 	link = bpf_program__attach_perf_event_opts(prog, pfd, &pe_opts);
@@ -12510,7 +12471,7 @@ struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_tracepoint_opts(const struct bpf_program *p
 		close(pfd);
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to attach to tracepoint '%s/%s': %s\n",
 			prog->name, tp_category, tp_name,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(err, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(err));
 		return libbpf_err_ptr(err);
 	}
 	return link;
@@ -12561,7 +12522,6 @@ bpf_program__attach_raw_tracepoint_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 					struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_opts *opts)
 {
 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_raw_tp_opts, raw_opts);
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct bpf_link *link;
 	int prog_fd, pfd;
 
@@ -12586,7 +12546,7 @@ bpf_program__attach_raw_tracepoint_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 		pfd = -errno;
 		free(link);
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to attach to raw tracepoint '%s': %s\n",
-			prog->name, tp_name, libbpf_strerror_r(pfd, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			prog->name, tp_name, errstr(pfd));
 		return libbpf_err_ptr(pfd);
 	}
 	link->fd = pfd;
@@ -12645,7 +12605,6 @@ static struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_btf_id(const struct bpf_program *pro
 						   const struct bpf_trace_opts *opts)
 {
 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_link_create_opts, link_opts);
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct bpf_link *link;
 	int prog_fd, pfd;
 
@@ -12670,7 +12629,7 @@ static struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_btf_id(const struct bpf_program *pro
 		pfd = -errno;
 		free(link);
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to attach: %s\n",
-			prog->name, libbpf_strerror_r(pfd, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			prog->name, errstr(pfd));
 		return libbpf_err_ptr(pfd);
 	}
 	link->fd = pfd;
@@ -12711,7 +12670,6 @@ bpf_program_attach_fd(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 		      const struct bpf_link_create_opts *opts)
 {
 	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct bpf_link *link;
 	int prog_fd, link_fd;
 
@@ -12733,7 +12691,7 @@ bpf_program_attach_fd(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 		free(link);
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to attach to %s: %s\n",
 			prog->name, target_name,
-			libbpf_strerror_r(link_fd, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			errstr(link_fd));
 		return libbpf_err_ptr(link_fd);
 	}
 	link->fd = link_fd;
@@ -12875,7 +12833,6 @@ bpf_program__attach_iter(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 			 const struct bpf_iter_attach_opts *opts)
 {
 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_link_create_opts, link_create_opts);
-	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct bpf_link *link;
 	int prog_fd, link_fd;
 	__u32 target_fd = 0;
@@ -12903,7 +12860,7 @@ bpf_program__attach_iter(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 		link_fd = -errno;
 		free(link);
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to attach to iterator: %s\n",
-			prog->name, libbpf_strerror_r(link_fd, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			prog->name, errstr(link_fd));
 		return libbpf_err_ptr(link_fd);
 	}
 	link->fd = link_fd;
@@ -12945,12 +12902,10 @@ struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_netfilter(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 
 	link_fd = bpf_link_create(prog_fd, 0, BPF_NETFILTER, &lopts);
 	if (link_fd < 0) {
-		char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
-
 		link_fd = -errno;
 		free(link);
 		pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to attach to netfilter: %s\n",
-			prog->name, libbpf_strerror_r(link_fd, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg)));
+			prog->name, errstr(link_fd));
 		return libbpf_err_ptr(link_fd);
 	}
 	link->fd = link_fd;
@@ -13235,7 +13190,6 @@ perf_buffer__open_cpu_buf(struct perf_buffer *pb, struct perf_event_attr *attr,
 			  int cpu, int map_key)
 {
 	struct perf_cpu_buf *cpu_buf;
-	char msg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	int err;
 
 	cpu_buf = calloc(1, sizeof(*cpu_buf));
@@ -13251,7 +13205,7 @@ perf_buffer__open_cpu_buf(struct perf_buffer *pb, struct perf_event_attr *attr,
 	if (cpu_buf->fd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
 		pr_warn("failed to open perf buffer event on cpu #%d: %s\n",
-			cpu, libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
+			cpu, errstr(err));
 		goto error;
 	}
 
@@ -13262,14 +13216,14 @@ perf_buffer__open_cpu_buf(struct perf_buffer *pb, struct perf_event_attr *attr,
 		cpu_buf->base = NULL;
 		err = -errno;
 		pr_warn("failed to mmap perf buffer on cpu #%d: %s\n",
-			cpu, libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
+			cpu, errstr(err));
 		goto error;
 	}
 
 	if (ioctl(cpu_buf->fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0) < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
 		pr_warn("failed to enable perf buffer event on cpu #%d: %s\n",
-			cpu, libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
+			cpu, errstr(err));
 		goto error;
 	}
 
@@ -13345,7 +13299,6 @@ static struct perf_buffer *__perf_buffer__new(int map_fd, size_t page_cnt,
 {
 	const char *online_cpus_file = "/sys/devices/system/cpu/online";
 	struct bpf_map_info map;
-	char msg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct perf_buffer *pb;
 	bool *online = NULL;
 	__u32 map_info_len;
@@ -13368,7 +13321,7 @@ static struct perf_buffer *__perf_buffer__new(int map_fd, size_t page_cnt,
 		 */
 		if (err != -EINVAL) {
 			pr_warn("failed to get map info for map FD %d: %s\n",
-				map_fd, libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
+				map_fd, errstr(err));
 			return ERR_PTR(err);
 		}
 		pr_debug("failed to get map info for FD %d; API not supported? Ignoring...\n",
@@ -13398,7 +13351,7 @@ static struct perf_buffer *__perf_buffer__new(int map_fd, size_t page_cnt,
 	if (pb->epoll_fd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
 		pr_warn("failed to create epoll instance: %s\n",
-			libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
+			errstr(err));
 		goto error;
 	}
 
@@ -13429,7 +13382,7 @@ static struct perf_buffer *__perf_buffer__new(int map_fd, size_t page_cnt,
 
 	err = parse_cpu_mask_file(online_cpus_file, &online, &n);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("failed to get online CPU mask: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("failed to get online CPU mask: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto error;
 	}
 
@@ -13460,7 +13413,7 @@ static struct perf_buffer *__perf_buffer__new(int map_fd, size_t page_cnt,
 			err = -errno;
 			pr_warn("failed to set cpu #%d, key %d -> perf FD %d: %s\n",
 				cpu, map_key, cpu_buf->fd,
-				libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
+				errstr(err));
 			goto error;
 		}
 
@@ -13471,7 +13424,7 @@ static struct perf_buffer *__perf_buffer__new(int map_fd, size_t page_cnt,
 			err = -errno;
 			pr_warn("failed to epoll_ctl cpu #%d perf FD %d: %s\n",
 				cpu, cpu_buf->fd,
-				libbpf_strerror_r(err, msg, sizeof(msg)));
+				errstr(err));
 			goto error;
 		}
 		j++;
@@ -13566,7 +13519,7 @@ int perf_buffer__poll(struct perf_buffer *pb, int timeout_ms)
 
 		err = perf_buffer__process_records(pb, cpu_buf);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("error while processing records: %d\n", err);
+			pr_warn("error while processing records: %s\n", errstr(err));
 			return libbpf_err(err);
 		}
 	}
@@ -13650,7 +13603,8 @@ int perf_buffer__consume(struct perf_buffer *pb)
 
 		err = perf_buffer__process_records(pb, cpu_buf);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("perf_buffer: failed to process records in buffer #%d: %d\n", i, err);
+			pr_warn("perf_buffer: failed to process records in buffer #%d: %s\n",
+				i, errstr(err));
 			return libbpf_err(err);
 		}
 	}
@@ -13761,14 +13715,14 @@ int parse_cpu_mask_file(const char *fcpu, bool **mask, int *mask_sz)
 	fd = open(fcpu, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
 	if (fd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("Failed to open cpu mask file %s: %d\n", fcpu, err);
+		pr_warn("Failed to open cpu mask file %s: %s\n", fcpu, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 	len = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
 	close(fd);
 	if (len <= 0) {
 		err = len ? -errno : -EINVAL;
-		pr_warn("Failed to read cpu mask from %s: %d\n", fcpu, err);
+		pr_warn("Failed to read cpu mask from %s: %s\n", fcpu, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 	if (len >= sizeof(buf)) {
@@ -13860,20 +13814,21 @@ int bpf_object__open_skeleton(struct bpf_object_skeleton *s,
 	obj = bpf_object_open(NULL, s->data, s->data_sz, s->name, opts);
 	if (IS_ERR(obj)) {
 		err = PTR_ERR(obj);
-		pr_warn("failed to initialize skeleton BPF object '%s': %d\n", s->name, err);
+		pr_warn("failed to initialize skeleton BPF object '%s': %s\n",
+			s->name, errstr(err));
 		return libbpf_err(err);
 	}
 
 	*s->obj = obj;
 	err = populate_skeleton_maps(obj, s->maps, s->map_cnt, s->map_skel_sz);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("failed to populate skeleton maps for '%s': %d\n", s->name, err);
+		pr_warn("failed to populate skeleton maps for '%s': %s\n", s->name, errstr(err));
 		return libbpf_err(err);
 	}
 
 	err = populate_skeleton_progs(obj, s->progs, s->prog_cnt, s->prog_skel_sz);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("failed to populate skeleton progs for '%s': %d\n", s->name, err);
+		pr_warn("failed to populate skeleton progs for '%s': %s\n", s->name, errstr(err));
 		return libbpf_err(err);
 	}
 
@@ -13903,13 +13858,13 @@ int bpf_object__open_subskeleton(struct bpf_object_subskeleton *s)
 
 	err = populate_skeleton_maps(s->obj, s->maps, s->map_cnt, s->map_skel_sz);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("failed to populate subskeleton maps: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("failed to populate subskeleton maps: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		return libbpf_err(err);
 	}
 
 	err = populate_skeleton_progs(s->obj, s->progs, s->prog_cnt, s->prog_skel_sz);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("failed to populate subskeleton maps: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("failed to populate subskeleton maps: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		return libbpf_err(err);
 	}
 
@@ -13956,7 +13911,7 @@ int bpf_object__load_skeleton(struct bpf_object_skeleton *s)
 
 	err = bpf_object__load(*s->obj);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("failed to load BPF skeleton '%s': %d\n", s->name, err);
+		pr_warn("failed to load BPF skeleton '%s': %s\n", s->name, errstr(err));
 		return libbpf_err(err);
 	}
 
@@ -13995,8 +13950,8 @@ int bpf_object__attach_skeleton(struct bpf_object_skeleton *s)
 
 		err = prog->sec_def->prog_attach_fn(prog, prog->sec_def->cookie, link);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to auto-attach: %d\n",
-				bpf_program__name(prog), err);
+			pr_warn("prog '%s': failed to auto-attach: %s\n",
+				bpf_program__name(prog), errstr(err));
 			return libbpf_err(err);
 		}
 
@@ -14039,7 +13994,8 @@ int bpf_object__attach_skeleton(struct bpf_object_skeleton *s)
 		*link = bpf_map__attach_struct_ops(map);
 		if (!*link) {
 			err = -errno;
-			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to auto-attach: %d\n", bpf_map__name(map), err);
+			pr_warn("map '%s': failed to auto-attach: %s\n",
+				bpf_map__name(map), errstr(err));
 			return libbpf_err(err);
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/linker.c b/tools/lib/bpf/linker.c
index f83c1c29982c..cf71d149fe26 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/linker.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/linker.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "btf.h"
 #include "libbpf_internal.h"
 #include "strset.h"
+#include "str_error.h"
 
 #define BTF_EXTERN_SEC ".extern"
 
@@ -306,7 +307,7 @@ static int init_output_elf(struct bpf_linker *linker, const char *file)
 	linker->fd = open(file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0644);
 	if (linker->fd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("failed to create '%s': %d\n", file, err);
+		pr_warn("failed to create '%s': %s\n", file, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -560,7 +561,7 @@ static int linker_load_obj_file(struct bpf_linker *linker, const char *filename,
 	obj->fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
 	if (obj->fd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("failed to open file '%s': %d\n", filename, err);
+		pr_warn("failed to open file '%s': %s\n", filename, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 	obj->elf = elf_begin(obj->fd, ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
@@ -670,7 +671,8 @@ static int linker_load_obj_file(struct bpf_linker *linker, const char *filename,
 				obj->btf = btf__new(data->d_buf, shdr->sh_size);
 				err = libbpf_get_error(obj->btf);
 				if (err) {
-					pr_warn("failed to parse .BTF from %s: %d\n", filename, err);
+					pr_warn("failed to parse .BTF from %s: %s\n",
+						filename, errstr(err));
 					return err;
 				}
 				sec->skipped = true;
@@ -680,7 +682,8 @@ static int linker_load_obj_file(struct bpf_linker *linker, const char *filename,
 				obj->btf_ext = btf_ext__new(data->d_buf, shdr->sh_size);
 				err = libbpf_get_error(obj->btf_ext);
 				if (err) {
-					pr_warn("failed to parse .BTF.ext from '%s': %d\n", filename, err);
+					pr_warn("failed to parse .BTF.ext from '%s': %s\n",
+						filename, errstr(err));
 					return err;
 				}
 				sec->skipped = true;
@@ -2774,14 +2777,14 @@ static int finalize_btf(struct bpf_linker *linker)
 
 	err = finalize_btf_ext(linker);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn(".BTF.ext generation failed: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn(".BTF.ext generation failed: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
 	opts.btf_ext = linker->btf_ext;
 	err = btf__dedup(linker->btf, &opts);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("BTF dedup failed: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("BTF dedup failed: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -2799,7 +2802,7 @@ static int finalize_btf(struct bpf_linker *linker)
 
 	err = emit_elf_data_sec(linker, BTF_ELF_SEC, 8, raw_data, raw_sz);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("failed to write out .BTF ELF section: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("failed to write out .BTF ELF section: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -2811,7 +2814,7 @@ static int finalize_btf(struct bpf_linker *linker)
 
 		err = emit_elf_data_sec(linker, BTF_EXT_ELF_SEC, 8, raw_data, raw_sz);
 		if (err) {
-			pr_warn("failed to write out .BTF.ext ELF section: %d\n", err);
+			pr_warn("failed to write out .BTF.ext ELF section: %s\n", errstr(err));
 			return err;
 		}
 	}
@@ -2987,7 +2990,7 @@ static int finalize_btf_ext(struct bpf_linker *linker)
 	err = libbpf_get_error(linker->btf_ext);
 	if (err) {
 		linker->btf_ext = NULL;
-		pr_warn("failed to parse final .BTF.ext data: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("failed to parse final .BTF.ext data: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto out;
 	}
 
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/ringbuf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/ringbuf.c
index bfd8dac4c0cc..9702b70da444 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/ringbuf.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/ringbuf.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "libbpf.h"
 #include "libbpf_internal.h"
 #include "bpf.h"
+#include "str_error.h"
 
 struct ring {
 	ring_buffer_sample_fn sample_cb;
@@ -88,8 +89,8 @@ int ring_buffer__add(struct ring_buffer *rb, int map_fd,
 	err = bpf_map_get_info_by_fd(map_fd, &info, &len);
 	if (err) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("ringbuf: failed to get map info for fd=%d: %d\n",
-			map_fd, err);
+		pr_warn("ringbuf: failed to get map info for fd=%d: %s\n",
+			map_fd, errstr(err));
 		return libbpf_err(err);
 	}
 
@@ -123,8 +124,8 @@ int ring_buffer__add(struct ring_buffer *rb, int map_fd,
 	tmp = mmap(NULL, rb->page_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, map_fd, 0);
 	if (tmp == MAP_FAILED) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("ringbuf: failed to mmap consumer page for map fd=%d: %d\n",
-			map_fd, err);
+		pr_warn("ringbuf: failed to mmap consumer page for map fd=%d: %s\n",
+			map_fd, errstr(err));
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 	r->consumer_pos = tmp;
@@ -142,8 +143,8 @@ int ring_buffer__add(struct ring_buffer *rb, int map_fd,
 	tmp = mmap(NULL, (size_t)mmap_sz, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, map_fd, rb->page_size);
 	if (tmp == MAP_FAILED) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("ringbuf: failed to mmap data pages for map fd=%d: %d\n",
-			map_fd, err);
+		pr_warn("ringbuf: failed to mmap data pages for map fd=%d: %s\n",
+			map_fd, errstr(err));
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 	r->producer_pos = tmp;
@@ -156,8 +157,8 @@ int ring_buffer__add(struct ring_buffer *rb, int map_fd,
 	e->data.fd = rb->ring_cnt;
 	if (epoll_ctl(rb->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, map_fd, e) < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("ringbuf: failed to epoll add map fd=%d: %d\n",
-			map_fd, err);
+		pr_warn("ringbuf: failed to epoll add map fd=%d: %s\n",
+			map_fd, errstr(err));
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ ring_buffer__new(int map_fd, ring_buffer_sample_fn sample_cb, void *ctx,
 	rb->epoll_fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
 	if (rb->epoll_fd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("ringbuf: failed to create epoll instance: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("ringbuf: failed to create epoll instance: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 
@@ -458,7 +459,8 @@ static int user_ringbuf_map(struct user_ring_buffer *rb, int map_fd)
 	err = bpf_map_get_info_by_fd(map_fd, &info, &len);
 	if (err) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("user ringbuf: failed to get map info for fd=%d: %d\n", map_fd, err);
+		pr_warn("user ringbuf: failed to get map info for fd=%d: %s\n",
+			map_fd, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -474,8 +476,8 @@ static int user_ringbuf_map(struct user_ring_buffer *rb, int map_fd)
 	tmp = mmap(NULL, rb->page_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, map_fd, 0);
 	if (tmp == MAP_FAILED) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("user ringbuf: failed to mmap consumer page for map fd=%d: %d\n",
-			map_fd, err);
+		pr_warn("user ringbuf: failed to mmap consumer page for map fd=%d: %s\n",
+			map_fd, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 	rb->consumer_pos = tmp;
@@ -494,8 +496,8 @@ static int user_ringbuf_map(struct user_ring_buffer *rb, int map_fd)
 		   map_fd, rb->page_size);
 	if (tmp == MAP_FAILED) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("user ringbuf: failed to mmap data pages for map fd=%d: %d\n",
-			map_fd, err);
+		pr_warn("user ringbuf: failed to mmap data pages for map fd=%d: %s\n",
+			map_fd, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -506,7 +508,7 @@ static int user_ringbuf_map(struct user_ring_buffer *rb, int map_fd)
 	rb_epoll->events = EPOLLOUT;
 	if (epoll_ctl(rb->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, map_fd, rb_epoll) < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("user ringbuf: failed to epoll add map fd=%d: %d\n", map_fd, err);
+		pr_warn("user ringbuf: failed to epoll add map fd=%d: %s\n", map_fd, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -531,7 +533,7 @@ user_ring_buffer__new(int map_fd, const struct user_ring_buffer_opts *opts)
 	rb->epoll_fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
 	if (rb->epoll_fd < 0) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("user ringbuf: failed to create epoll instance: %d\n", err);
+		pr_warn("user ringbuf: failed to create epoll instance: %s\n", errstr(err));
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/str_error.c b/tools/lib/bpf/str_error.c
index 5e6a1e27ddf9..8743049e32b7 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/str_error.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/str_error.c
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include "str_error.h"
 
+#ifndef ENOTSUPP
+#define ENOTSUPP	524
+#endif
+
 /* make sure libbpf doesn't use kernel-only integer typedefs */
 #pragma GCC poison u8 u16 u32 u64 s8 s16 s32 s64
 
@@ -31,3 +35,70 @@ char *libbpf_strerror_r(int err, char *dst, int len)
 	}
 	return dst;
 }
+
+const char *errstr(int err)
+{
+	static __thread char buf[12];
+
+	if (err > 0)
+		err = -err;
+
+	switch (err) {
+	case -E2BIG:		return "-E2BIG";
+	case -EACCES:		return "-EACCES";
+	case -EADDRINUSE:	return "-EADDRINUSE";
+	case -EADDRNOTAVAIL:	return "-EADDRNOTAVAIL";
+	case -EAGAIN:		return "-EAGAIN";
+	case -EALREADY:		return "-EALREADY";
+	case -EBADF:		return "-EBADF";
+	case -EBADFD:		return "-EBADFD";
+	case -EBUSY:		return "-EBUSY";
+	case -ECANCELED:	return "-ECANCELED";
+	case -ECHILD:		return "-ECHILD";
+	case -EDEADLK:		return "-EDEADLK";
+	case -EDOM:		return "-EDOM";
+	case -EEXIST:		return "-EEXIST";
+	case -EFAULT:		return "-EFAULT";
+	case -EFBIG:		return "-EFBIG";
+	case -EILSEQ:		return "-EILSEQ";
+	case -EINPROGRESS:	return "-EINPROGRESS";
+	case -EINTR:		return "-EINTR";
+	case -EINVAL:		return "-EINVAL";
+	case -EIO:		return "-EIO";
+	case -EISDIR:		return "-EISDIR";
+	case -ELOOP:		return "-ELOOP";
+	case -EMFILE:		return "-EMFILE";
+	case -EMLINK:		return "-EMLINK";
+	case -EMSGSIZE:		return "-EMSGSIZE";
+	case -ENAMETOOLONG:	return "-ENAMETOOLONG";
+	case -ENFILE:		return "-ENFILE";
+	case -ENODATA:		return "-ENODATA";
+	case -ENODEV:		return "-ENODEV";
+	case -ENOENT:		return "-ENOENT";
+	case -ENOEXEC:		return "-ENOEXEC";
+	case -ENOLINK:		return "-ENOLINK";
+	case -ENOMEM:		return "-ENOMEM";
+	case -ENOSPC:		return "-ENOSPC";
+	case -ENOTBLK:		return "-ENOTBLK";
+	case -ENOTDIR:		return "-ENOTDIR";
+	case -ENOTSUPP:		return "-ENOTSUPP";
+	case -ENOTTY:		return "-ENOTTY";
+	case -ENXIO:		return "-ENXIO";
+	case -EOPNOTSUPP:	return "-EOPNOTSUPP";
+	case -EOVERFLOW:	return "-EOVERFLOW";
+	case -EPERM:		return "-EPERM";
+	case -EPIPE:		return "-EPIPE";
+	case -EPROTO:		return "-EPROTO";
+	case -EPROTONOSUPPORT:	return "-EPROTONOSUPPORT";
+	case -ERANGE:		return "-ERANGE";
+	case -EROFS:		return "-EROFS";
+	case -ESPIPE:		return "-ESPIPE";
+	case -ESRCH:		return "-ESRCH";
+	case -ETXTBSY:		return "-ETXTBSY";
+	case -EUCLEAN:		return "-EUCLEAN";
+	case -EXDEV:		return "-EXDEV";
+	default:
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", err);
+		return buf;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/str_error.h b/tools/lib/bpf/str_error.h
index 626d7ffb03d6..66ffebde0684 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/str_error.h
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/str_error.h
@@ -6,4 +6,11 @@
 
 char *libbpf_strerror_r(int err, char *dst, int len);
 
+/**
+ * @brief **errstr()** returns string corresponding to numeric errno
+ * @param err negative numeric errno
+ * @return pointer to string representation of the errno, that is invalidated
+ * upon the next call.
+ */
+const char *errstr(int err);
 #endif /* __LIBBPF_STR_ERROR_H */
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/usdt.c b/tools/lib/bpf/usdt.c
index 93794f01bb67..5f085736c6c4 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/usdt.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/usdt.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "libbpf_common.h"
 #include "libbpf_internal.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
+#include "str_error.h"
 
 /* libbpf's USDT support consists of BPF-side state/code and user-space
  * state/code working together in concert. BPF-side parts are defined in
@@ -465,8 +466,8 @@ static int parse_vma_segs(int pid, const char *lib_path, struct elf_seg **segs,
 		goto proceed;
 
 	if (!realpath(lib_path, path)) {
-		pr_warn("usdt: failed to get absolute path of '%s' (err %d), using path as is...\n",
-			lib_path, -errno);
+		pr_warn("usdt: failed to get absolute path of '%s' (err %s), using path as is...\n",
+			lib_path, errstr(-errno));
 		libbpf_strlcpy(path, lib_path, sizeof(path));
 	}
 
@@ -475,8 +476,8 @@ proceed:
 	f = fopen(line, "re");
 	if (!f) {
 		err = -errno;
-		pr_warn("usdt: failed to open '%s' to get base addr of '%s': %d\n",
-			line, lib_path, err);
+		pr_warn("usdt: failed to open '%s' to get base addr of '%s': %s\n",
+			line, lib_path, errstr(err));
 		return err;
 	}
 
@@ -606,7 +607,8 @@ static int collect_usdt_targets(struct usdt_manager *man, Elf *elf, const char *
 
 	err = parse_elf_segs(elf, path, &segs, &seg_cnt);
 	if (err) {
-		pr_warn("usdt: failed to process ELF program segments for '%s': %d\n", path, err);
+		pr_warn("usdt: failed to process ELF program segments for '%s': %s\n",
+			path, errstr(err));
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 
@@ -708,8 +710,8 @@ static int collect_usdt_targets(struct usdt_manager *man, Elf *elf, const char *
 			if (vma_seg_cnt == 0) {
 				err = parse_vma_segs(pid, path, &vma_segs, &vma_seg_cnt);
 				if (err) {
-					pr_warn("usdt: failed to get memory segments in PID %d for shared library '%s': %d\n",
-						pid, path, err);
+					pr_warn("usdt: failed to get memory segments in PID %d for shared library '%s': %s\n",
+						pid, path, errstr(err));
 					goto err_out;
 				}
 			}
@@ -1047,8 +1049,8 @@ struct bpf_link *usdt_manager_attach_usdt(struct usdt_manager *man, const struct
 
 		if (is_new && bpf_map_update_elem(spec_map_fd, &spec_id, &target->spec, BPF_ANY)) {
 			err = -errno;
-			pr_warn("usdt: failed to set USDT spec #%d for '%s:%s' in '%s': %d\n",
-				spec_id, usdt_provider, usdt_name, path, err);
+			pr_warn("usdt: failed to set USDT spec #%d for '%s:%s' in '%s': %s\n",
+				spec_id, usdt_provider, usdt_name, path, errstr(err));
 			goto err_out;
 		}
 		if (!man->has_bpf_cookie &&
@@ -1058,9 +1060,9 @@ struct bpf_link *usdt_manager_attach_usdt(struct usdt_manager *man, const struct
 				pr_warn("usdt: IP collision detected for spec #%d for '%s:%s' in '%s'\n",
 				        spec_id, usdt_provider, usdt_name, path);
 			} else {
-				pr_warn("usdt: failed to map IP 0x%lx to spec #%d for '%s:%s' in '%s': %d\n",
+				pr_warn("usdt: failed to map IP 0x%lx to spec #%d for '%s:%s' in '%s': %s\n",
 					target->abs_ip, spec_id, usdt_provider, usdt_name,
-					path, err);
+					path, errstr(err));
 			}
 			goto err_out;
 		}
@@ -1076,8 +1078,8 @@ struct bpf_link *usdt_manager_attach_usdt(struct usdt_manager *man, const struct
 								      target->rel_ip, &opts);
 			err = libbpf_get_error(uprobe_link);
 			if (err) {
-				pr_warn("usdt: failed to attach uprobe #%d for '%s:%s' in '%s': %d\n",
-					i, usdt_provider, usdt_name, path, err);
+				pr_warn("usdt: failed to attach uprobe #%d for '%s:%s' in '%s': %s\n",
+					i, usdt_provider, usdt_name, path, errstr(err));
 				goto err_out;
 			}
 
@@ -1099,8 +1101,8 @@ struct bpf_link *usdt_manager_attach_usdt(struct usdt_manager *man, const struct
 								    NULL, &opts_multi);
 		if (!link->multi_link) {
 			err = -errno;
-			pr_warn("usdt: failed to attach uprobe multi for '%s:%s' in '%s': %d\n",
-				usdt_provider, usdt_name, path, err);
+			pr_warn("usdt: failed to attach uprobe multi for '%s:%s' in '%s': %s\n",
+				usdt_provider, usdt_name, path, errstr(err));
 			goto err_out;
 		}