libbpf: Split bpf object load into prepare/load

Introduce bpf_object__prepare API: additional intermediate preparation
step that performs ELF processing, relocations, prepares final state of
BPF program instructions (accessible with bpf_program__insns()), creates
and (potentially) pins maps, and stops short of loading BPF programs.

We anticipate few use cases for this API, such as:
* Use prepare to initialize bpf_token, without loading freplace
programs, unlocking possibility to lookup BTF of other programs.
* Execute prepare to obtain finalized BPF program instructions without
loading programs, enabling tools like veristat to process one program at
a time, without incurring cost of ELF parsing and processing.

Signed-off-by: Mykyta Yatsenko <yatsenko@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250303135752.158343-4-mykyta.yatsenko5@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

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